Sunday, November 24, 2013

Bixa orellana, Annato, Lipstick Tree

Bixa orellana L.
Family: Bixaceae

Common names: Annato, Annatto, Annatto Plant, Annatto Tree, Arnatto, Arnotto Dye Plant, Lipstick Plant, Lipstick Tree, Lipsticktree, Yellow Dye.

Vernacular names: Arabic: Galuga; Bangladesh: Latkan, Utkana; Brazil: Acafroa, Acafrao Do Brasil, Acafroeira, Da Terra, Anato, Annato, Anoto, Colorau, Urucu, Urucu, Urucu Bravo, Urucu Da Mata, Urucu-Bravo, Urucu, Urucum (Portuguese); Bulgarian: Achiote, Ačiote, Aчиoтe; Chamorro: Achiote, Achoti; Chinese: Hong Mu, Yan Zhi Mu, Yan Zhi Shu; Columbia: Achihuite; Cook Islands: ‘Uaeva (Maori); Côte d’Ivoire: Kuiguehe (Kru-Guere); Creole: Chiot, Woukou Rocou; Czech: Annata; Danish: Annatobusken, Orleantra, Smorfarvetra; Dutch: Achiote, Anatto, Annotto, Orleaan, Rocou; Eastonian: Annatopoosa, Varvibiksa; Fijian: Nggesa, Nggisa, Qesa; Finnish: Annaatto; French: Achiote, Annato, Atole, Rocou, Rocouyer, Roucou, Roucou (West Indies), Roucouyer; German: Anatto, Anattosamen, Anattostrauch, Annatto, Annattosamen, Orleansamen, Orleansbaum, Orleansstrauch, Orleanstrauch, Orleanstrauch Orlean-Strauch; Ghana: Daagyene, Konin (Akan-Asante), Dagyiri (Brong), A’jama (Ga), Bernitiku (Gbe- Vhe), Brsfo Agyama (Twi), Daagyeni (Wasa); Guatemala: Achiote (Mayan); Guinea-Bissau: Djanfarana (Crioulo), Djambarana (Fula-Pulaar); Hawaiian: ‘Alaea, ‘Alaea La‘Au, Kūmauna; Hungarian: Bjoul, Orleanfa, Orleanfa, Ruku; India: Jolandhar, Jorot Goch (Assamese), Kong, Kuombi, Latkan, Lotkan, Sindure (Bengali), Sinduri (Gujarati), Gowpurgee, Latkan, Latkhan, Senduria, Sinduria, Sinduriya, Vatkana (Hindi), Aarnatu, Arnattu, Bangaara Kaayi Bangarakayi, Bhangarakai, Bhangarakayi, Chaayulitha, Chayalitha, Jaaphra, Jaaphredu, Japhredu, Japrero, Kappu Mankaali, Kappumankala, Kesari, Kesari Rangu, Kuppamanhale, Rangamalar, Rangamali, Ranggida, Rangoomalai, Rangu Maale, Rangu Malle, Rangumale, Rungamali, Sannajabbale, Sannajapali (Kannada), Korangumunga, Korungoomungal, Kurangamanchil, Kurannamannal, Kurannumannal, Kuppamanjal, Kuppamannal (Malayalam), Ureirom (Manipuri), Kaesari, Kesari, Keshri, Kesui, Kesuri, Kisri, Sendri, Shendri, (Marathi), Rawngsen (Mizoram), Jampra, Lotkons, Rawngsen (Oriya), Karachhada, Raktabija, Raktapushpa, Shonapushpi, Sindurapuspi, Sinduri, Sindurpushpi, Sunomala, Trivapushpi, Virpushpa (Sanskrit), Amudadaram, Amutataram, Amuttaram, Amuttiram, Aruna, Avam, Camankalikam, Cappira, Cappiran, Carani, Caruni, Curanacanimaram, Curattunacani, Irakumancal, Iram, Jaffra-Maram, Japhara, Kantukam, Karankumankal, Konkamaram, Konkaram, Konkaramam, Konkaramaram, Konkarayam, Konkari, Kunkumam, Kunguman, Kuppaimancal, Kurakumancal, Kurankumancal, Mancatti, Mancitti, Manjitti, Nakamucikai, Nakamucikaimaram, Naravam, Naravu, Naravucaram, Punkavi, Sabara, Sappiravirai, Sappiravirai, Tumpacitamaram, Turumam, Uragumanjai, Uragumanjal, Varagumanjalmantiravanci, Vennaivirai (Tamil), Jaabara, Jaabura, Jaapharaa Chettu, Jabaru Kaya, Jabura, Jaffra, Jaffrachettu, Jafra (Telugu); Indonesian: Galuga, Galinggem (Sundanese), Galuga, Kasumba Kling, Pachar Kling, Somba Kling; Italian: Annatto, Anotto; Japanese: Achiote, Anatoo, Anatto, Beni No Ki, Beninoki; Khmer: Cham´ Puu, Cham´ Puu Chraluek; Korean: A Chi O Te, A Na To, A-Ci-O-Te, A-Na-To, Achiote, Anato, Bik Sa Sok; Laotian: Kh´Am, Somz Phuu, Satii; Malaysia: Jarak Belanda, Kesum, Kesumba, Kesumba Kling, Kunyit Jawa, Sumpeh, Suntak; Nahuatl: Achiote, Achiote Caspi, Achiotl; Nepalese: Sindur, Sindure; Nigeria: Uhie, Uhie (Igbo), Ufie, Uhia Nkum (Igbo-Ibusa), Ula, Ula Machuku (Igbo-Onitsha), Uhie Ņkū, Uhie (Igbo-Umuahia), OVun Bukẹ (Yoruba); Palauan: Burek, Burk; Panama: Achote; Papua New Guinea: Pen; Philippines: Achuete (Bikol), Sotis (Cebu Bisaya), Asoti (Ibanag), Achiti, Achuete, Asuite, Atsuite (Iloko), Apatut (Gaddang), Achuete (Panay Bisaya), Chotes (Samar-Leyte Bisaya), Achuete, Atsiute (Sambali), Chanang, Janang (Sulu), Achote, Achoete, Achuete, Asuti, Atseuete (Tagalog); Polish: Arnota, Arnota Właściwa; Portuguese: Acafroa, Acafroa Do Brasil, Acafroeira-Da-Terra, Acafroa-Do-Brasil; Puerto Rico: Anatta, Annato, Bija, Bija, Bijol, Chacuanguarica, Pumacua; Russian: Achiote, Annato, Biksa, Biksa Orel´Ina, Pomadnoe Derevo; Samoan: Loa, Loa; Serbian: Orlean-Drvo; Sierra Leone: Yellow Dye (English), Kamgo- Poto (Bulom-Kim), Bundu (Kono), Red-Red (Krio), Kudonia (Limba-Tonko), Mbundona (Loko), Mbunds, Pu-Bunds (Mende), Kamonyi (Susu), Lugbagbel-La (Susu-Dyalonke) A-Kam- A-Loli (Temne); Slovak: Anatto; Spanish: Achioytello, Roucou; Swahili: Mzingefuri; Swedish: Annattobuske; Tahitian: ‘Uaefa; Thai: Kam Set, Kam Saed, Kam Tai, Kham Faet, Kham Ngae, Kham Ngo, Kham Saet (Bangkok), Kham Thai, Sati; Togo: Berniticu (Gbe-Vhe), Kirane (Tem- Tshaudjo); Turkish: Arnatto; Venezuela: Onoto; Vietnamese: Dieu Nhuom, Ht Iu Mau, Siem Phung; Yapese: Rang. [Edible Medicinal and Non-Medicinal Plants]

Bixa orellana (achiote, kachá) Family Bixaceae Shrub or small tree 2–10 m, sap orange. Leaves alternate, stalk 2–10 cm long, blade 5–20 cm long, 3–18 cm wide, heartshaped to broadly elliptical, tip pointed, veins palmate at base, pinnate above, shiny green. Flowers white or pink, radially symmetrical, about 5 cm wide, showy, petals 5, 2–3 cm long, broadest near apex, slightly overlapping, anthers numerous, yellow; inflorescence of  branched clusters, pollinated by bees; blooms Aug.–Feb. Fruit becoming dry, dark red, 2–4 cm long, elliptical, covered with soft spines, splitting apart to reveal seeds covered with an orange fleshy coat. [A Field Guide to Plants of Costa Rica].

Plant Part Used: Seed coats, leaves.
Dominican Medicinal Uses: The powdered seed coats are traditionally combined with other plants to make a tea or vegetable juice drink for treating anemia, cysts, dysmenorrhea, tumors, uterine fibroids and to support post-partum recovery. The seeds coats and/or leaves are also used externally for topical burns, injury and musculoskeletal trauma.

Safety: The seeds and seed coats are generally regarded as safe and commonly used as a culinary flavoring and coloring agent. Animal studies have shown this plant to be relatively nontoxic, although allergic reactions reported.

Contraindications: Hypersensitivity; history of allergic reaction.
Laboratory & Preclinical Data: The seed extract has shown the following activities in animal studies: anti-inflammatory, chemopreventive,

hyperglycemic. In vitro the plant extract has demonstrated antibacterial, antifungal, antimicrobial and antiplatelet effects, and the seed extract has

shown anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor and immunomodulatory activity. [Dominican Medicinal Plants: A Guide for Health Care Providers Second Edition]

The leaves have been used to treat snakebites. and jaundice and the seed is considered a good cure for gonorrhoea. The bark of the root is used to treat fever and as an aperient. In Cambodia, the leaves are a popular febrifuge while in Indonesia, water in which the leaves are rubbed is poured over the head of children with fever. In Malaysia, the leaves are used in a postpartum medicine and in the Philippines the leaves are pounded in coconut oil and heated, then applied to the abdomen to relieve tympanites. Pastes of the fresh leaves are rubefacient and used in dysentery. In Vietnam, lotions or baths of leaves are used during fever. Its unripe fruits are emollient in leprosy. Alcoholic extracts of seed coat are taenifuge and laxative.] Decoctions of barks are used for catarrh. Infusions of seeds are used to treat asthma and excessive nasopharynx mucus production. Traditionally, it is also used as a gargle for sore throats and oral hygiene. In Trinidad and Tobago, the leaves and roots are used for hypertension, diabetes and jaundice. Leaves and seed pods are used as a female aphrodisiac. [A Guide to Medicinal Plants - An Illustrated, Scientific and Medicinal Approach]

Seeds and latex used for tumors, cancer, and condyloma. Seeds gargled with vinegar and rice water for cancer of the mouth. Leaf infusion used in Costa Rica to prevent baldness. Leaf infusion gargled for tonsilitis. Bolivians press leaves on aching body parts. Seeds are reportedly aphrodisiac, astringent, cordial, expectorant (laxative and vermifuge), and febrifugal. Astringent febrifugal fruit pulp is used for dysentery and kidney disease. The reddish paste is applied as an unguent to burns. Considered a cosmetic, dye, food, hair dressing, medicine, ornamental tree, and vitamin source. In India, where the useful ornamental weed tree has established itself, as it has pantropically, leaves are used for jaundice and snakebite, the root bark for fevers, including malaria. Fruits are considered astringent and laxative. The plant is also recommended for gonorrhea (MPI). The hot water extracts potently inhibit lens aldose reductase, perhaps due to isoscutellarein. [CRC Hnand Book of Medicinal Spices].

305 Published articles of Bixa orellana
1.    Mathematical modeling for the annatto (Bixa orellana L.) seed drying process
Santos, Dyego da Costa; de Melo Queiroz, Alexandre Jose; Feitosa de Figueiredo, Rossana Maria; et al. - CHILEAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH  Volume: 73   Issue: 3   Pages: 320-326   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/S0718-58392013000300017  
2.    Studies on the application of natural dye extract from Bixa orellana seeds for dyeing and finishing of leather
Tamil Selvi, A.; Aravindhan, R.; Madhan, B.; et al. - Industrial Crops and Products  Volume: 43   Pages: 84-6   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2012.07.015   Published: May 2013
3.    In vivo antioxidant assessment of two antimalarial plants-Allamamda cathartica and Bixa orellana
Conrad, Omonhinmin A.; Dike, Ijeoma Precious; Agbara, Uche - Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine  Volume: 3   Issue: 5   Pages: 388-394   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S2221-1691(13)60082-9   Published: MAY
4.    Studies on the application of natural dye extract from Bixa orellana seeds for dyeing and finishing of leather
Selvi, A. Tamil; Aravindhan, R.; Madhan, B.; et al. - INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS  Volume: 43   Pages: 84-86   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2012.07.015   Published: MAY 2013
5.    EVALUATION OF ANNATTO (Bixa orellana L.) GENOTYPES THROUGH THE MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF FRUITS, SEEDS
Mantovani, Nilton Cesar; Grando, Magali Ferrari; Xavier, Aloisio; et al. - CIENCIA FLORESTAL  Volume: 23   Issue: 2   Pages: 355-362   Published: APR-JUN 2013
6.    Separation of norbixin from Bixa orellana seed raw dye by Aliquat-336
Sharma, Ponchami; Bora, M. M.; Borthakur, Samiran; et al. - ENVIRONMENTAL PROGRESS & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY  Volume: 32   Issue: 1   Pages: 134-138   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ep.10615   Published: APR
7.    Chemical constituents and antihistamine activity of Bixa orellana leaf extract
Yong, Yoke Keong; Zakaria, Zainul Amiruddin; Kadir, Arifah Abdul; et al. - BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE  Volume: 13     Article Number: 32   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1472-6882-13-32   Published: FEB
8.    Mechanical extraction of natural dye extract from Bixa orellana seeds in spouted bed
Barrozo, M. A. S.; Santos, K. G.; Cunha, F. G. - INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS  Volume: 45   Pages: 279-282   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2012.12.052   Published: FEB 2013
9.    Isolation of Prunin from the fruit shell of Bixa orellana and the effect of beta-cyclodextrin on its binding with calf thymus DNA
Yousuf, Sameena; Sudha, N.; Murugesan, G.; et al. - CARBOHYDRATE RESEARCH  Volume: 365   Pages: 46-51   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carres.2012.10.003   Published: JAN 10 2013
10.    Phytosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using medicinal and dye yielding plant of Bixa orellana L. leaf extract.
Thilagam, M.; Tamilselvi, A.; Chandrasekeran, B.; et al. - Journal of Pharmaceutical and Scientific Innovation (JPSI)  Volume: 2   Issue: 4   Pages: Research Article 13   Published: 2013
11.    Suppressions of Serotonin-Induced Increased Vascular Permeability and Leukocyte Infiltration by Bixa orellana Leaf Extract
Yong, Yoke Keong; Sulaiman, NurShahira; Hakim, Muhammad Nazrul; et al. - BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL    Article Number: 463145   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/463145   Published: 2013
12.    Mathematical modeling for the annatto ( Bixa orellana L.) seed drying process.
Santos, D. da C.; Queiroz, A. J. de M.; Figueiredo, R. M. F. de; et al. - Chilean Journal of Agricultural Research  Volume: 73   Issue: 3   Pages: 320-326   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/S0718-58392013000300017   Published:
13.    "In vitro" antibacterial activity of different accessions of annatto ( Bixa orellana L.) and its relation with the content of bixin present in seeds.
Majolo, C.; Carvalho, H. H.; Wiest, J. M. - Boletim do Centro de Pesquisa e Processamento de Alimentos  Volume: 31   Issue: 1   Pages: 115-124   Published: 2013
14.    Study on Bixa orellana seed germination by various treatment.
Ali, M. M.; Nasreen, M. A.; Dilruba, F. A.; et al. - International Journal of Sustainable Agricultural Technology  Volume: 9   Issue: 3   Pages: 6-9   Published: 2013
15.    Secondary Metabolite Profile, Antioxidant Capacity, and Mosquito Repellent Activity of Bixa orellana from Brazilian Amazon Region
Giorgi, Annamaria; De Marinis, Pietro; Granelli, Giuseppe; et al. - JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY    Article Number: 409826   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/409826   Published: 2013
16.    Antimicrobial evalution of phenolic fraction of Bixa orellana L. Bixaceae.
Patani Mital; Patel Mandev; Sarwa Khomendra; et al. - Journal of Global Pharma Technology  Volume: 5   Issue: 1   Pages: 11-14   Published: 2013
17.    First report of Drechslera leaf spot on Bixa orellana in India.
Pankaj Sharma; Narendra Singh; Verma, O. P. - Journal on New Biological Reports  Volume: 2   Issue: 1   Pages: 1-2   Published: 2013
18.    Chemical constituents and antihistamine activity of Bixa orellana leaf extract.
Yong YokeKeong; Zainul Amiruddin Zakaria; Arifah Abdul Kadir; et al. - BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine  Volume: 13   Issue: 32   Pages: (14 February 2013)   Published: 2013
19.    Multiplication of annatto ( Bixa orellana L.) using cotyledons and leaf explants.
Nisha Joseph; Siril, E. A. - Research in Plant Biology  Volume: 3   Issue: 1   Pages: 24-32   Published: 2013
20.    Antilipemic activity of ethanolic and hexane extracts from seeds of Bixa orellana Linn. in hyperlipidemic rats.
Valentin, S. A.; Melo, J. O.; Pinho, R. J.; et al. - Journal of Medicinal Plants Research  Volume: 7   Issue: 4   Pages: 165-169   Published: 2013
21.    Effects of Bixa orellana L. Seeds on Hyperlipidemia
Ferreira, Jamile M.; Sousa, Daniel F.; Dantas, Mariana B.; et al. - PHYTOTHERAPY RESEARCH  Volume: 27   Issue: 1   Pages: 144-147   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ptr.4675   Published: JAN 2013
22.    Micropropagation of annatto (Bixa orellana L.) from mature tree and assessment of genetic fidelity of micropropagated plants with RAPD
Siril, E. A.; Joseph, Nisha - Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants  Volume: 19   Issue: 1   Pages: 147-155   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12298-012-0150-6   Published: JAN 2013
23.    Modeling of microwave-assisted extraction of natural dye from seeds of Bixa orellana (Annatto) using response surface methodology (RSM)
Sinha, Keka; Chowdhury, Shamik; Das Saha, Papita; et al. - INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS  Volume: 41   Pages: 165-171   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2012.04.004   Published: JAN 2013
24.    Selection and application of annatto (Bixa orellana L.) dye formulations in some traditional sweetmeat and savoury products
Tummala, Jyothirmayi; Pamidighantam, Prabhakara Rao; Babu, Prabhavathy Manda; et al. - JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC & INDUSTRIAL RESEARCH  Volume: 71   Issue: 12   Pages: 788-793   Published: DEC 2012
25.    Enhanced Yield of Food Colourant Annatto from Seeds of Bixa orellana L.: The Efficacy of Polyamines Floral Spray
Giridhar, P.; Mahendranath, G.; Venugopalan, Akshatha; et al. - PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES INDIA SECTION B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES  Volume: 82   Issue: 4   Pages: 553-556  
26.    IN VITRO ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITIES OF EXTRACTS FROM ANNATTO (BIXA ORELLANA L.) LEAVES AND SEEDS
Viuda-Martos, Manuel; Ciro-Gomez, Gelmy L.; Ruiz-Navajas, Yolanda; et al. - JOURNAL OF FOOD SAFETY  Volume: 32   Issue: 4   Pages: 399-406   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-4565.2012.00393.x   Published: NOV 2012
27.    GENETIC DIVERGENCE STUDIES AMONG THE PROGENIES OF PLUS TREES IN BIXA ORELLANA, L.
Kala, S.; Kumaran, K. - Indian Forester  Volume: 138   Issue: 9   Pages: 828-834   Published: SEP 2012
28.    Requirement of major nutrients for annatto (Bixa orellana L.) seed yield and bixin content
Kumar, Sudhir; Venugopalan, R.; Rao, V. K.; et al. - INDIAN JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE  Volume: 69   Issue: 3   Pages: 399-403   Published: SEP 2012
29.    Carotenoids bixin and norbixin from annatto (Bixa orellana L.) as antioxidants in meat products
Rocha Garcia, Carlos Eduardo; Bolognesi, Vinicius Jose; Gaspari Dias, Josiane de Fatima; et al. - CIENCIA RURAL  Volume: 42   Issue: 8   Pages: 1510-1517   Published: AUG 2012
30.    ETHANOLIC EXTRACT FROM LEAVES OF Bixa orellana L.: A POTENTIAL NATURAL FOOD PRESERVATIVE
Gomez, Gelmy Ciro; Quintana Castillo, Juan Carlos; Alarcon Perez, Juan Carlos; et al. - INTERCIENCIA  Volume: 37   Issue: 7   Pages: 547-551   Published: JUL 2012
31.    Mycoflora associated with seeds of Bixa orellana L.
Venugopalan, Akshatha; Giridhar, Parvatam - AFRICAN JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY RESEARCH  Volume: 6   Issue: 9   Pages: 2091-2094   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/AJMR11.1358   Published: MAR 9
32.    An Evidence-Based Systematic Review of Annatto (Bixa orellana L.) by the Natural Standard Research Collaboration
Ulbricht, Catherine; Windsor, Regina C.; Brigham, Ashley; et al. - Journal of Dietary Supplements  Volume: 9   Issue: 1   Pages: 57-77   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/19390211.2012.653530   Published: MAR 2012
33.    Bixa orellana L.: a potential source of edible dye and means to improve rural livelihood.
Kumaran, K.; Kiruba, M.; Kala, S.; et al. - APANews  Issue: 41   Pages: 12-14   Published: 2012
34.    Comparative phytoremediation potential of Calophyllum inophyllum L., Bixa orellana L. and Schleichera oleosa (lour.) Oken on iron ore tailings
Chaturvedi, Nilima; Dhal, N. K.; Reddy, Palli Sita Rama - INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MINING RECLAMATION AND ENVIRONMENT  Volume: 26   Issue: 2   Pages: 104-118   DOI:
35.    Evaluation of antiparasitic activity of hydroethanolic extracts from root, stem and leaf of Bixa orellana L. on Leishmania amazonensis samples.
Almeida, C. R. de; Silva, R. B.; Marques, M. J.; et al. - Revista da Universidade Vale do Rio Verde  Volume: 10   Issue: 2   Pages: 384-391   Published: 2012
36.    Dyeing of cotton, silk and wool with Bixa orellana in the presence of enzymes
Dumitrescu, Iuliana; Vankar, Padma S.; Srivastava, Jyoti; et al. - INDUSTRIA TEXTILA  Volume: 63   Issue: 6   Pages: 327-333   Published: 2012
37.    In vitro production of annatto (natural food dye) from Bixa orellana L.
Poornima, S.; Ambika, S. R. - International Journal of BioSciences, Agriculture and Technology (IJBSAT)  Volume: 4   Issue: 4   Pages: 23-28   Published: 2012
38.    In vivo antioxidant activity of bark extract of Bixa orellana L. against acetaminophen-induced oxidative stress.
Aseervatham, G. S. B.; Shamna, R.; Sangeetha, B.; et al. - Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine  Issue: Suppl. 2   Pages: S700-S705   Published: 2012
39.    Cardioprotective activity of Bixa orellana L. on isoproterenol induced myocardial necrosis in rats.
Kuppusamy Asokkumar; Puliyath Jagannath; Muthusamy Umamaheswari; et al. - Journal of Pharmacy Research  Volume: 5   Issue: 4   Pages: 1930-1934   Published: 2012
40.    Improved in vitro shoot multiplication of Bixa orellana under the influence of phytohormones particularly Thiadiazuron.
VijayaSekhar, V. E.; Satya, A. K.; Sudhakar, P.; et al. - Journal of Pharmacy Research  Volume: 5   Issue: 2   Pages: 1144-1147   Published: 2012
41.    Bixa orellana
Lim, T. K. - Edible Medicinal and Non-Medicinal Plants: Vol 1, Fruits  Pages: 515-526   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-8661-7_69   Published: 2012
42.    Reproductive characterization and preliminary studies on controlled breeding of Annatto (Bixa orellana L.)
Joseph, Nisha; Siril, E. A.; Nair, G. M. - PLANT SYSTEMATICS AND EVOLUTION  Volume: 298   Issue: 1   Pages: 239-250   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00606-011-0541-0   Published: JAN 2012
43.    Identification and expression pattern of a new carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase gene member from Bixa orellana
Rodriguez-Avila, N. L.; Narvaez-Zapata, J. A.; Ramirez-Benitez, J. E.; et al. - JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY  Volume: 62   Issue: 15   Pages: 5385-5395   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jxb/err201   Published: NOV 2011
44.    A comparison of conventional cloning options for annatto (Bixa orellana L.)
Joseph, N.; Siril, E. A.; Nair, G. M. - JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE & BIOTECHNOLOGY  Volume: 86   Issue: 5   Pages: 446-451   Published: SEP 2011
45.    Annatto pigment production in root cultures of Achiote (Bixa orellana L.)
Mahendranath, Gondi; Venugopalan, Akshatha; Parimalan, Rangan; et al. - PLANT CELL TISSUE AND ORGAN CULTURE  Volume: 106   Issue: 3   Pages: 517-522   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11240-011-9931-9   Published: SEP 2011
46.    Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, and Cytotoxic Activities of Bixa orellana Linn
Ul Islam, S. M. Bakhtiar; Hossain, Md Khalid; Gomes, Isidore; et al. - LATIN AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACY  Volume: 30   Issue: 6   Pages: 1126-1134   Published: AUG 2011
47.    An efficient in vitro propagation methodology for Annatto (Bixa orellana L.)
Joseph, Nisha; Siril, E. A.; Nair, G. M. - Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants  Volume: 17   Issue: 3   Pages: 263-270   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12298-011-0073-7   Published: JUL 2011
48.    Morphological diversity in Bixa orellana L. and variations in annatto pigment yield
Akshatha, V.; Giridhar, R.; Ravishankar, G. A. - JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE & BIOTECHNOLOGY  Volume: 86   Issue: 4   Pages: 319-324   Published: JUL 2011
49.    Enhanced shoot organogenesis in Bixa orellana L. in the presence of putrescine and silver nitrate
Parimalan, R.; Giridhar, P.; Ravishankar, G. A. - PLANT CELL TISSUE AND ORGAN CULTURE  Volume: 105   Issue: 3   Pages: 285-290   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11240-010-9865-7   Published: JUN 2011
50.    Somatic embryogenesis and Agrobacterium-mediated transformation in Bixa orellana L.
Parimalan, Rangan; Venugopalan, Akshatha; Giridhar, Parvatam; et al. - PLANT CELL TISSUE AND ORGAN CULTURE  Volume: 105   Issue: 3   Pages: 317-328   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11240-010-9870-x   Published: JUN 2011
51.    Analyses of Bixa orellana L. growth under the effects of mycorrhizal inoculation and phosphate fertilization
Barbieri, D. J.; Braga, L. F.; Sousa, M. P.; et al. - Revista Brasileira de Plantas Medicinais  Volume: 13   Issue: 2   Pages: 129-138   Published: MAY 2011
52.    Inhibition of cyclophosphamide-induced oxidative stress in rat brain by polar and non-polar extracts of Annatto (Bixa orellana) seeds
Oboh, Ganiyu; Akomolafe, Toyin L.; Adefegha, Stephen A.; et al. - EXPERIMENTAL AND TOXICOLOGIC PATHOLOGY  Volume: 63   Issue: 3   Pages: 257-262   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.etp.2010.01.003   Published: MAR
53.    Regulation of Pigment-Related Genes During Flower and Fruit Development of Bixa orellana
Rodriguez-Avila, Norma L.; Narvaez-Zapata, Jose A.; Aguilar-Espinosa, Margarita; et al. - PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY REPORTER  Volume: 29   Issue: 1   Pages: 43-50   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11105-010-0207-z   Published: MAR 2011
54.    Unraveling new genes associated with seed development and metabolism in Bixa orellana L. by expressed sequence tag (EST) analysis
Soares, Virginia L. F.; Rodrigues, Simone M.; de Oliveira, Tahise M.; et al. - MOLECULAR BIOLOGY REPORTS  Volume: 38   Issue: 2   Pages: 1329-1340   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11033-010-0234-8   Published: FEB 2011
55.    Leaf and seed extracts of Bixa orellana L. exert anti-microbial activity against bacterial pathogens.
Selvi, A. T.; Dinesh, M. G.; Satyan, R. S.; et al. - Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science  Volume: 1   Issue: 9   Pages: 116-120   Published: 2011
56.    Antioxidant activity and correlation with total phenolicin genotypes of Annatto ( Bixa orellana L.).
Lemos, A. R.; Rego Junior, N. O.; Jose, A. R. S.; et al. - Revista do Instituto Adolfo Lutz  Volume: 70   Issue: 1   Pages: 62-68   Published: 2011
57.    Antibacterial potential of the aqueous and organic extracts of Bixa orellana L.
Sumathi, P.; Parvathi, A. - International Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences  Volume: 2   Issue: 2   Pages: B-201   Published: 2011
58.    Anti-inflammatory activity and vascular permeability reduction by aqueous extract of Bixa orellana leaves
Yong, Yoke Keong; Hamid, Roslida A.; Abdullah, Muhammad Nazrul Hakim; et al. - JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGICAL SCIENCES  Volume: 115   Supplement: 1   Pages: 282P-282P   Published: 2011
59.    Effectiveness of Bixa orellana L. and Aloe vera L. hydrophilic formulation in the treatment of burns in calves.
Silveira Prado, E. A.; Benitez Mayea, R. Y.; Cuesta Mazorra, M.; et al. - REDVET  Volume: 12   Issue: 1   Pages: 011104   Published: 2011
60.    Effect of Bixa orellana against Leishmania amazonensis
Garcia, Marley; Monzote, Lianet; Montalvo, Ana M.; et al. - FORSCHENDE KOMPLEMENTARMEDIZIN  Volume: 18   Issue: 6   Pages: 351-353   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000335280   Published: 2011
61.    Phytochemical investigation and simultaneously study on anticonvulsant, antidiabetic activity of different leafy extracts of Bixa orellana Linn.
Sitakanta Patnaik; Mishra, S. R.; Choudhury, G. B.; et al. - International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biological Archives  Volume: 2   Issue: 5   Pages: 1497-1501   Published: 2011
62.    A bioactive sesquiterpene from Bixa orellana
Raga, Dennis D.; Espiritu, Rafael A.; Shen, Chien-Chang; et al. - JOURNAL OF NATURAL MEDICINES  Volume: 65   Issue: 1   Pages: 206-211   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11418-010-0459-9   Published: JAN 2011
63.    Antimalarial activity of hydroalcoholic extract from Bixa orellana L.
Fernandez-Calienes Valdes, A.; Mendiola Martinez, J.; Acuna Rodriguez, D.; et al. - Revista Cubana de Medicina Tropical  Volume: 63   Issue: 2   Pages: 181-185   Published: 2011
64.    Ground Annatto Seeds (Bixa orellana L.) in Sorghum-Based Commercial Layer Diets and Their Effects on Performance, Egg Quality, and Yolk
Garcia, E. A.; Molino, A. B.; Goncalves, H. C.; et al. - BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF POULTRY SCIENCE  Volume: 12   Issue: 4   Pages: 259-264   Published: OCT 2010
65.    Suppression of histamine-induced increase of endothelial permeability via nitric oxide production by Bixa orellana leaves extract
Yong, Y.; Hamid, Abd R.; Abdullah, M.; et al. - PLANTA MEDICA  Volume: 76   Issue: 12   Pages: 1338-1338   Published: AUG 2010
66.    VEGETATIVE RESCUE OF ADULT GENOTYPES OF ANNATTO (Bixa orellana L.) BY AIR LAYERING
Mantovani, Nilton Cesar; Grando, Magali Ferrari; Xavier, Aloisio; et al. - CIENCIA FLORESTAL  Volume: 20   Issue: 3   Pages: 403-410   Published: JUL-SEP 2010
67.    Cytotoxic Evaluation of Annatto (Bixa orellana L.) Dye Compared with Orange Red
Joseph, Nisha; Siril, E. A. - CYTOLOGIA  Volume: 75   Issue: 2   Pages: 163-167   Published: JUN 2010
68.    Antimycobacterial activity evaluation and MIC determination of liophilizated hydroalcoholic extracts of Bixa orellana L., Bixaceae
Silva, Renata B.; Almeida, Cristina R.; Chavasco, Juliana M.; et al. - REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE FARMACOGNOSIA-BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOGNOSY  Volume: 20   Issue: 2   Pages: 171-174   DOI:
69.    ALBINISM IN BIXA ORELLANA (L.)
Kumaran, K.; Kala, S.; Rao, M. Govinda - Indian Forester  Volume: 136   Issue: 3   Pages: 397-399   Published: MAR 2010
70.    Bixa orellana: properties and applications.
Garcia Parra, M.; Monzote Fidalgo, L. - Drug plants IV  Pages: 25-35   Published: 2010
71.    EFFICIENCY OF SOLVENTS IN THE OBTENTION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF ANNATTO (Bixa orellana L.) PIGMENTS
Silva, Pollyanna Ibrahim; Nachtigall, Aline Manke; Stringheta, Paulo Cesar - BOLETIM DO CENTRO DE PESQUISA DE PROCESSAMENTO DE ALIMENTOS  Volume: 28   Issue: 1   Pages: 115-124   Published: 2010
72.    Microwave facilitated extraction of bixin from Bixa orellana and it's in-vitro antioxidant activity.
Soumya Vasu; Venkatesh Palaniyappan; Kothandam, H. P.; et al. - Der Pharmacia Lettre  Volume: 2   Issue: 2   Pages: 479-485   Published: 2010
73.    Diuretic activity of Bixa orellana Linn. leaf extracts.
Radhika, B.; Nasreen Begum; Srisailam, K.; et al. - Indian Journal of Natural Products and Resources  Volume: 1   Issue: 3   Pages: 353-355   Published: 2010
74.    Bixa orellana Leaves Extract Inhibits Bradykinin-Induced Inflammation through Suppression of Nitric Oxide Production
Keong, Y. Yoke; Arifah, A. K.; Sukardi, S.; et al. - MEDICAL PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE  Volume: 20   Issue: 2   Pages: 142-146   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000319907   Published: 2010
75.    Pharmacognostic and preliminary phytochemical evaluation of the leaves of Bixa orellana.
Radhika, B.; Begum, S. K. N. - Pharmacognosy Journal  Volume: 2   Issue: 7   Pages: 132-136   Published: 2010
76.    Involvement of ethylene in the rooting of seedling shoot cultures of Bixa orellana L.
Paiva Neto, Vespasiano Borges; Reis, Luciano B.; Finger, Fernando L.; et al. - IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY-PLANT  Volume: 45   Issue: 6   Pages: 693-700   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11627-009-9236-4  
77.    Effect of an Aqueous Extract of Annatto (Bixa orellana) Seeds on Lipid Profile and Biochemical Markers of Renal and Hepatic Function in
de Paula, Heberth; Pedrosa, Maria Lucia; Rossoni Junior, Joamyr Victor; et al. - BRAZILIAN ARCHIVES OF BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY  Volume: 52   Issue: 6   Pages: 1373-1378   Published: NOV-DEC 2009
78.    Design and development of a dental disclosing (plaque revealing) formulation with Bixa orellana L.
Casado Martin, Celia Magaly; Gutierrez Gaiten, Yamilet; Miranda Martinez, Migdalia; et al. - BOLETIN LATINOAMERICANO Y DEL CARIBE DE PLANTAS MEDICINALES Y AROMATICAS  Volume: 8   Issue: 4   Pages: 258-265   Published:
79.    Micropropagation of Bixa orellana using phytohormones and triacontanol
Parimalan, R.; Giridhar, P.; Gururaj, H. B.; et al. - BIOLOGIA PLANTARUM  Volume: 53   Issue: 2   Pages: 347-350   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10535-009-0064-5   Published: JUN 2009
80.    Full-Length Gene Enrichment by Using an Optimized RNA Isolation Protocol in Bixa orellana Recalcitrant Tissues
Rodriguez-Avila, N. L.; Narvaez-Zapata, J. A.; Aguilar-Espinosa, M. L.; et al. - MOLECULAR BIOTECHNOLOGY  Volume: 42   Issue: 1   Pages: 84-90   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12033-008-9138-4   Published: MAY 2009
81.    Anatomical and biochemical changes in the composition of developing seed coats of annatto (Bixa orellana L.)
Amaral, Lourdes I. V.; Cortelazzo, Angelo L.; Buckeridge, Marcos S.; et al. - TREES-STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION  Volume: 23   Issue: 2   Pages: 287-293   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00468-008-0276-x   Published: APR 2009
82.    Antiulcer effect of lyophilized hydroalcoholic extract of Bixa orellana (annatto) leaves in rats.
Huaman, O.; Sandoval, M.; Arnao, I.; et al. - Anales de la Facultad de Medecina  Volume: 70   Issue: 2   Pages: 97-102   Published: 2009
83.    Mosquito repellency and larvicidal activities of essential oils from the seeds of annatto ( Bixa orellana L.).
Jondiko, J. I. O.; Akinyi, D.; Ndong'a, M. F. - Aspects of Applied Biology  Issue: 96   Pages: 337-342   Published: 2009
84.    Study of Bixa orellana growth by changing nutrient medium having major elements (K, Ca and Mg) using tissue culture techniques
Reddy, D.D.; Narasimhulu, K.; Rao, M.; et al. - Atti della Fondazione Giorgio Ronchi  Volume: 64   Issue: 4   Pages: 483-98   Published: 2009
85.    Design and development of a dental disclosing (plaque revealing) formulation with Bixa orellana L.
Casado Marti, C. M.; Gutierrez Gaiten, Y.; Miranda Martinez, M.; et al. - Boletin Latinoamericano y del Caribe de Plantas Medicinales y Aromaticas  Volume: 8   Issue: 4   Pages: 258-265   Published: 2009
86.    Factors that influence saponification reaction in annatto (Bixa orellana L.) carotenoids
Silva, Pollyanna Ibrahim; Nachtigall, Aline Manke; Stringheta, Paulo Cesar - CIENCIA E AGROTECNOLOGIA  Volume: 33   Special Issue: SI   Pages: 1892-1897   Published: 2009
87.    Protective effect of Bixa orellana L. against radiation induced chromosomal aberration in Swiss albino mice.
Karchuli, M. S.; Ganesh, N. - International Journal of Phytomedicine  Volume: 1   Issue: 1   Pages: 18-21   Published: 2009
88.    EFFECTS OF BIXA ORELLANA EXTRACT ON INCREASED PAW VOLUME AND PERITONEAL VASCULAR PERMEABILITY INDUCED BY BRADYKININ IN
Yong, Yoke Keong; Abdullah, Muhammad Nazrul Hakim; Hamid, Roslida Abd.; et al. - JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGICAL SCIENCES  Volume: 59   Supplement: 1   Pages: 324-324   Published: 2009
89.    Performance and egg quality of commercial laying hens fed ground annato seed ( Bixa orellana L.) in the diet.
Garcia, E. A.; Molino, A. de B.; Berto, D. A.; et al. - Veterinaria e Zootecnia  Volume: 16   Issue: 4   Pages: 689-697   Published: 2009
90.    Rapid in vitro propagation of Bixa orellana L.: an important dye yielding tree.
Arifullah, M.; Kumar, C. K.; Gayathri, D.; et al. - Emerging trends in biological sciences  Pages: 224-232   Published: 2009
91.    Involvement of ethylene in the rooting of seedling shoot cultures of Bixa orellana L.
Paiva Neto, V. B.; Reis, L. B.; Finger, F. L.; et al. - In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Plant  Volume: 45   Issue: 6   Pages: 693-700   Published: 2009
92.    Supplementation carotenoid compounds derived from seed integral ground annatto ( Bixa orellana L.) in the feed laying hens to produce eggs
Carvalho, P. R. de; Cipolli, K. M. V. A. B.; Ormenese, R. de C. S. C.; et al. - Pakistan Journal of Nutrition  Volume: 8   Issue: 12   Pages: 1906-1909   Published: 2009
93.    Assessing Morphological and Genetic Variation in Annatto (Bixa orellana L.) by Sequence-related Amplified Polymorphism and Cluster Analysis
Valdez-Ojeda, Ruby; Luis Hernandez-Stefanoni, Jose; Aguilar-Espinosa, Margarita; et al. - HORTSCIENCE  Volume: 43   Issue: 7   Pages: 2013-2017   Published: DEC 2008
94.    Hygroscopic behavior of annatto (Bixa Orellana L) dried extract
dos Santos Anselmo, George Carlos; Cavalcanti Mata, Mario Eduardo R. M.; Rodrigues, Edson - CIENCIA E AGROTECNOLOGIA  Volume: 32   Issue: 6   Pages: 1888-1892   Published: NOV-DEC 2008
95.    Mass multiplication of Bixa orellana L. through tissue culture for commercial propagation
Parimalan, R.; Giridhar, R.; Ravishankar, G. A. - INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS  Volume: 28   Issue: 2   Pages: 122-127   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2008.01.012   Published: SEP 2008
96.    Effect of Bixa orellana in the alteration of characteristics of poultry laying eggs
Costa Harder, Marcia Nalesso; Canniatti Brazaca, Solange Guidolin; Maria Savino, Vicente Jose; et al. - CIENCIA E AGROTECNOLOGIA  Volume: 32   Issue: 4   Pages: 1232-1237   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1413-70542008000400030   Published: JUL-AUG
97.    Effects of Bixa orellana leaves extract on increased paw volume and peritoneal vascular permeability induced by 5-HT in rats
Zuraini, A.; Somchit, M. N.; Hamid, R. A.; et al. - PLANTA MEDICA  Volume: 74   Issue: 9   Pages: 952-952   Published: JUL 2008
98.    Hypoglycaemic activity of Bixa orellana extract in the dog
Russell, K. R. M.; Omoruyi, F. O.; Pascoe, K. O.; et al. - METHODS AND FINDINGS IN EXPERIMENTAL AND CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY  Volume: 30   Issue: 4   Pages: 301-305   DOI:
99.    Evaluation of antioxidant activity of leaves extract of Bixa orellana (Bixaceae) and Maytenus ilicifolia (Celastraceae).
Gomes, M. F.; Silva, V. T. B.; Laverde Junior, A.; et al. - Arquivos de Ciencias da Saude da UNIPAR  Volume: 12   Issue: 3   Pages: 169-173   Published: 2008
100.    Hygroscopic behavior of annatto ( Bixa orellana L) dried extract.
Anselmo, G. C. dos S.; Mata, M. E. R. M. C.; Rodrigues, E. - Ciencia e Agrotecnologia  Volume: 32   Issue: 6   Pages: 1888-1892   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1413-70542008000600030   Published: 2008
101.    Attainment of O/W emulsions containing liquid crystal from annatto oil (Bixa orellana), coffee oil, and tea tree oil (Melaleuca alternifolia) as
Morais, Gilsane G.; Santos, Orlando D. H.; Oliveira, Wanderley P.; et al. - JOURNAL OF DISPERSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY  Volume: 29   Issue: 2   Pages: 297-306   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01932690701688581  
102.    Annatto (Bixa orellana L.) is an important source of natural pigment
Rivera-Madrid, Renata; Aguilar-Espinosa, Margarita; Escobedo Gracia-Medrano, Rosa Maria; et al. - Plant Biology (Rockville)  Volume: 2008   Pages: 192   Published: 2008
103.    Foliar diagnosis and translocation of nutrients in plants of Bixa orellana L.
Menezes Junior, J. C. de; Sobrinho, W. N.; Souto, J. S.; et al. - Revista Academica Ciencias Agrarias e Ambientais  Volume: 6   Issue: 1   Pages: 51-56   Published: 2008
104.    Pathology of annatto ( Bixa orellana L.) seeds.
Galli, J. A.; Ramos, N. P.; Panizzi, R. de C.; et al. - Revista de Ciencias Agrarias  Issue: 50   Pages: 181-187   Published: 2008
105.    CELLULAR SUSPENSIONS ESTABLISHMENT OF Bixa orellana L., PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS PRODUCERS WITH POTENTIAL ANTIOPHIDIC ACTIVITY.
Jimenez R, Silvia L.; Castano P, Hader I.; Carlos Quintana, Juan; et al. - VITAE-REVISTA DE LA FACULTAD DE QUIMICA FARMACEUTICA  Volume: 15   Issue: 1   Pages: 70-76   Published: JAN-JUN 2008
106.    Effect of the drying temperature in the bixin content of annatto seeds ( Bixa orellana L.) SBCN-4 variety.
Nunes, L. de S.; Duarte, M. E. M.; Mata, M. E. R. M. C.; et al. - Central theme, technology for all: sharing the knowledge for development. Proceedings of the International Conference of Agricultural
107.    Vegetative propagation of annatto ( Bixa orellana) (Linn.).
Navamaniraj, K. N.; Srimathi, P.; Paramathma, M.; et al. - Madras Agricultural Journal  Volume: 95   Issue: 7/12   Pages: 493-495   Published: 2008
108.    Influence of potting mixture on elite seedling production in Bixa orellana.
Navamaniraj, K. N.; Srimathi, P.; Ponnuswamy, A. S. - Madras Agricultural Journal  Volume: 95   Issue: 7/12   Pages: 496-498   Published: 2008
109.    Performance of scarified and non scarified seed of Bixa orellana to accelerated aging test for the prediction of seed storability.
Navamaniraj, K. N.; Srimathi, P.; Ponnuswamy, A. S.; et al. - Research Journal of Agriculture and Biological Sciences  Volume: 4   Issue: 5   Pages: 591-594   Published: 2008
110.    Establishment of Cordia dodecandra A.DC. with Bixa orellana L. on calcareous soils in Yucatan, Mexico
Reuter, M.; Tiessen, H.; Jimenez-Osornio, J. J.; et al. - Toward Agroforestry Design: An Ecological Approach  Book Series: ADVANCES IN AGROFORESTRY   Volume: 4   Pages: 195-206   Published:
111.    Isolation and purification of RNA from tissues rich in polyphenols, polysaccharides, and pigments of annatto (Bixa orellana l.)
Rodrigues, Simone M.; Soares, Virginia L. F.; De Oliveira, Tahise M.; et al. - MOLECULAR BIOTECHNOLOGY  Volume: 37   Issue: 3   Pages: 220-224   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12033-007-0070-9   Published: NOV 2007
112.    Inhibitions of acute and chronic inflammations by Bixa orellana leaves extract
Zuraini, A.; Somchit, M. N.; Abdul Hamid, R.; et al. - PLANTA MEDICA  Volume: 73   Issue: 9   Pages: 847-847   Meeting Abstract: P076   Published: AUG 2007
113.    Antibiotic proteins from Apeiba tibourbou, Bixa orellana and Mucuna urens seeds actives against Rhodococcus equi
Oliveira, L. D. R.; Ramos, L. A.; Alves, S. B., V; et al. - PLANTA MEDICA  Volume: 73   Issue: 9   Pages: 879-880   Meeting Abstract: P 178   Published: AUG 2007
114.    Quantitative evaluation by a digital colorimeter of the color of the egg of laying hens fed with annatto (Bixa orellana)
Costa Harder, Marcia Nalesso; Canniatti-Brazaca, Solange Guidolin; Arthur, Valter - Revista Portuguesa de Ciencias Veterinarias  Volume: 102   Issue: 563-64   Pages: 339-342   Published: JUL-DEC 2007
115.    Cholesterol and iron availability in yolk of laying hens feed with annatto (Bixa orellana)
Harder, M. N. C.; Canniatti-Brazaca, S. G.; Coelho, A. A. D.; et al. - ANIMAL  Volume: 1   Issue: 3   Pages: 477-482   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S1751731107685048   Published: APR 2007
116.    Organogenesis from cotyledon and hypocotyl-derived explants of japhara (Bixa orellana L.)
Parimalan, Rangan; Giridhar, Parvatam; Gururaj, Harischandra B.; et al. - Acta Botanica Croatica  Volume: 66   Issue: 2   Pages: 153-160   Published: 2007
117.    Evaluation of pigment extracted annatto seed ( Bixa orellana) by chemical, in-vitro and in-sacco techniques in buffaloes.
Kumar, P. S.; Reddy, Y. R.; Ramesh, S.; et al. - Buffalo Bulletin  Volume: 26   Issue: 1   Pages: 5-8   Published: 2007
118.    Correlation and path co-efficient studies in annatto ( Bixa orellana L.).
Bhoomika, H. R.; Vasundhara, M.; Santosh, K. G. - Biomed  Volume: 2   Issue: 1   Pages: 26-30   Published: 2007
119.    Phytochemical screening and nematicidal potential of root bark extract of Bixa orellana on nematode pests.
Oladoye, S. O.; Olabiyi, T. I.; Ayodele, E. T.; et al. - Research on Crops  Volume: 8   Issue: 1   Pages: 222-228   Published: 2007
120.    Quantitative evaluation by a digital colorimeter of the color of the egg of laying hens fed with annatto ( Bixa orellana).
Harder, M. N. C.; Canniatti-Brazaca, S. G.; Arthur, V. - Revista Portuguesa de Ciencias Veterinarias  Volume: 102   Issue: 563/564   Pages: 339-342   Published: 2007
121.    Preliminary pharmacological screening of Bixa orellana L. leaves
Shilpi, Jamil Ahmad; Taufiq-Ur-Rahman, Md.; Uddin, Shaikh Jamal; et al. - JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY  Volume: 108   Issue: 2   Pages: 264-271   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2006.05.008   Published: NOV 24 2006
122.    Evaluating of annatto (Bixa orellana L.) seeds by-product as yolk, skin, beak and ovary coloring of hens using two analytical methods
Vilar da Silva, Jose Humberto; da Silva, Edson Lindolfo; Jordao Filho, Jose; et al. - CIENCIA E AGROTECNOLOGIA  Volume: 30   Issue: 5   Pages: 988-994   Published: SEP-OCT 2006
123.    Preliminary studies toward genetic improvement of annatto (Bixa orellana L.)
Rivera-Madrid, R; Escobedo, RM; Balam-Galera, E; et al. - SCIENTIA HORTICULTURAE  Volume: 109   Issue: 2   Pages: 165-172   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2006.03.011   Published: JUN 29 2006
124.    Hydrolyzable tannins in Bixa orellana L.
Cruz Lima, Ricardo Jorge; Jeferson de Deus Moreno, Antonio; Loureiro de Castro, Solange Fernanda; et al. - QUIMICA NOVA  Volume: 29   Issue: 3   Pages: 507-509   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0100-40422006000300019   Published: MAY-JUN 2006
125.    Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of pigments from Bixa orellana seeds (experiments and modeling)
Nobre, BP; Mendes, RL; Queiroz, EM; et al. - BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING  Volume: 23   Issue: 2   Pages: 251-258   Published: APR-JUN 2006
126.    Evaluation of carotenoid pigments from Bixa orellana L. newly introduced to Egypt as natural colourants
Shams, Khaled A.; Abdel-Azim, Nahla S.; Ismail, Shams I.; et al. - Bulletin of the National Research Centre (Cairo)  Volume: 31   Issue: 5   Pages: 385-397   Published: 2006
127.    Chemical composition and fermentative characteristics of elephant grass ( Pennisetum purpureum Schum.) cv. Roxo silages with increasing
Goncalves, J. de S.; Neiva, J. N. M.; Candido, M. J. D.; et al. - Revista Ciencia Agronomica  Volume: 37   Issue: 2   Pages: 228-234   Published: 2006
128.    Evaluation of genetic stock and methods of extraction for dye yield in Annato ( Bixa orellana).
Bhoomika, H. R.; Vasundhara, M.; Gayithri, H. N.; et al. - Biomed  Volume: 1   Issue: 2   Pages: 125-129   Published: 2006
129.    Effects of increasing dietary annatto (Bixa orellana L.) seed by-product levels on carcass yield and performance for broiler chicks
da Silva, JHV; da Silva, EL; Jordao, J; et al. - REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE ZOOTECNIA-BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE  Volume: 34   Issue: 5   Pages: 1606-1613   Published: SEP-
130.    ToF-SIMS characterization of thermal modifications of bixin from Bixa orellana fruit
Bittencourt, C; Felicissimo, MP; Pireaux, JJ; et al. - JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY  Volume: 53   Issue: 16   Pages: 6195-6200   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf0505271   Published: AUG
131.    Isozymic variability in a Brazilian collection of annatto (Bixa orellana L.)
de Carvalho, JFRP; Robinson, IP; Alfenas, AC - PESQUISA AGROPECUARIA BRASILEIRA  Volume: 40   Issue: 7   Pages: 653-660   Published: JUL 2005
132.    DNA damage and aberrant crypt foci as putative biomarkers to evaluate the chemopreventive effect of annatto (Bixa orellana L.) in rat colon
Agner, AR; Bazo, AP; Ribeiro, LR; et al. - MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS  Volume: 582   Issue: 1-2   Pages: 146-154   DOI:
133.    Development of O/W emulsions with annato oil (Bixa orellana) containing liquid crystal
Morais, GG; Santos, ODH; Masson, DS; et al. - JOURNAL OF DISPERSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY  Volume: 26   Issue: 5   Pages: 591-596   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/DIS-200057647   Published:
134.    The use of nonlinearity measures to discriminate the equilibrium moisture equations for Bixa orellana seeds
Ribeiro, JA; Oliveira, DT; Passos, ML; et al. - JOURNAL OF FOOD ENGINEERING  Volume: 66   Issue: 1   Pages: 63-68   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2004.02.040   Published: JAN 2005
135.    Thermogravimetric investigations on the thermal degradation of bixin, derived from the seeds of Annatto (Bixa orellana L)
Silva, MCD; Botelho, JR; Conceicao, MM; et al. - JOURNAL OF THERMAL ANALYSIS AND CALORIMETRY  Volume: 79   Issue: 2   Pages: 277-281   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10973-005-0049-3   Published:
136.    Effect of processing conditions on the stability of annatto (Bixa orellana L.) dye incorporated into some foods
Rao, PGP; Jyothirmayi, T; Balaswamy, K; et al. - LWT-FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY  Volume: 38   Issue: 7   Pages: 779-784   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2004.08.015   Published: 2005
137.    Isozymic variability in a Brazilian collection of annatto ( Bixa orellana L.).
Carvalho, J. F. R. P. de; Robinson, I. P.; Alfenas, A. C. - Pesquisa Agropecuaria Brasileira  Volume: 40   Issue: 7   Pages: 653-660   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0100-204X2005000700005   Published: 2005
138.    In vitro induction of polyploidy in annatto (Bixa orellana)
de Carvalho, JFRP; de Carvalho, CR; Otoni, WC - PLANT CELL TISSUE AND ORGAN CULTURE  Volume: 80   Issue: 1   Pages: 69-75   Published: JAN 2005
139.    In vitro induction of polyploidy in annatto (Bixa orellana)
Rodrigues Portela de Carvalhol, Jane Fiuza; de Carvalho, Carlos Roberto; Otoni, Wagner Campos - Plant Cell Tissue and Organ Culture  Volume: 80   Issue: 1   Pages: 69-75   Published: January 2005
140.    Extraction of pigments from seeds of Bixa orellana L.: An alternative for experimental courses in organic chemistry.
da Costa, CLS; Chaves, MH - QUIMICA NOVA  Volume: 28   Issue: 1   Pages: 149-152   Published: JAN-FEB 2005
141.    In vitro regeneration of annatto ( Bixa orellana L.) from various explants.
Carvalho, J. F. R. P. de; Carvalho, C. R. de; Otoni, W. C. - Revista Arvore  Volume: 29   Issue: 6   Pages: 887-895   Published: 2005
142.    Effect of seed maturity, seed moisture and various pre-treatments on seed germination of annatto (Bixa orellana L.)
Yogeesha, HS; Shivananda, TN; Bhanuprakash, K - SEED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY  Volume: 33   Issue: 1   Pages: 97-104   Published: 2005
143.    ToF-SIMS applied to probe bixin in Bixa orellana seeds
Houssiau, L; Felicissimo, M; Bittencourt, C; et al. - APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE  Volume: 231   Special Issue: SI   Pages: 416-419   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2004.03.152   Published: JUN 15 2004
144.    Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses of Bixa orellana seeds
Felicissimo, MP; Bittencourt, C; Houssiau, L; et al. - JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY  Volume: 52   Issue: 7   Pages: 1810-1814   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf035027r   Published: APR 7
145.    Estimation of bixin in seeds of Bixa orellana L. from different locations in Western Maharashtra
Castello, Marieclaire; Chandra, Naresh; Phatak, Anita; et al. - Indian Journal of Plant Physiology  Volume: 9   Issue: 2   Pages: 185-188   Published: April 2004
146.    Influence of various extraction methods on dye yield in annatto ( Bixa orellana L.).
Saraswathy, S.; Manavalan, R. S. A.; Vadivel, E.; et al. - South Indian Horticulture  Volume: 52   Issue: 1/6   Pages: 239-243   Published: 2004
147.    Somatic embryogenesis from immature zygotic embryos of annatto (Bixa Orellana L.)
Neto, VBP; Botelho, MN; Aguiar, R; et al. - IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY-PLANT  Volume: 39   Issue: 6   Pages: 629-634   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/IVP2003465   Published:
148.    Somatic embryogenesis from immature zygotic embryos of annatto (Bixa orellana L.).
Paiva Neto, Vespasiano B.; Botelho, Marcel N.; Aguiar, Rosane; et al. - In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology Plant  Volume: 39   Issue: 6   Pages: 629-634   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/IVP2003465   Published: November-
149.    Direct organogenesis from hypocotyl-derived explants of annatto (Bixa orellana).
de Paiva Neto, Vespasiano Borges; da Mota, Tiago Ribeiro; Otoni, Wagner Campos - Plant Cell Tissue and Organ Culture  Volume: 75   Issue: 2   Pages: 159-167   Published: November 2003
150.    Direct organogenesis from hypocotyl-derived explants of annatto (Bixa orellana)
Neto, VBD; da Mota, TR; Otoni, WC - PLANT CELL TISSUE AND ORGAN CULTURE  Volume: 75   Issue: 2   Pages: 159-167   Published: NOV 2003
151.    Bixa orellana: An important source of natural colourant: A review.
Rani, A. Sabitha; Satyakala, M.; Murty, U. Suryanarayana - Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plant Sciences  Volume: 25   Issue: 3   Pages: 733-742   Published: September 2003
152.    A thirteen-week oral toxicity study of annatto extract (norbixin), a natural food color extracted from the seed coat of annatto (Bixa orellana L.),
Hagiwara, A; Imai, N; Ichihara, T; et al. - FOOD AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY  Volume: 41   Issue: 8   Pages: 1157-1164   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0278-6915(03)00104-2   Published: AUG
153.    Agrobacterium-mediated transient transformation of annatto (Bixa orellana) hypocotyls with the gus reporter gene
Zaldivar-Cruz, JM; Ballina-Gomez, H; Guerrero-Rodriguez, C; et al. - PLANT CELL TISSUE AND ORGAN CULTURE  Volume: 73   Issue: 3   Pages: 281-284   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1023037108705   Published: JUN 2003
154.    Chemical composition of the essential oil from annatto (Bixa orellana L.) seeds
Pino, JA; Correa, MT - JOURNAL OF ESSENTIAL OIL RESEARCH  Volume: 15   Issue: 2   Pages: 66-67   Published: MAR-APR 2003
155.    Chemistry, processing and toxicology of annatto (Bixa orellana L.)
Satyanarayana, A; Rao, PGP; Rao, DG - JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY-MYSORE  Volume: 40   Issue: 2   Pages: 131-141   Published: MAR-APR 2003
156.    A subchronic feeding study of annatto extract (norbixin), a natural food color extracted from the seed coat of annatto (Bixa orellana L.), in
Yoshino, H; Hagiwara, A; Imai, N; et al. - TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES  Volume: 72   Supplement: S   Pages: 256-256   Meeting Abstract: 1244   Published: MAR 2003
157.    Antimicrobial activity of the leaves and seeds of Bixa orellana
Fleischer, TC; Ameade, EPK; Mensah, MLK; et al. - FITOTERAPIA  Volume: 74   Issue: 1-2   Pages: 136-138   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0367-326X(02)00289-7   Published: FEB 2003
158.    Acute toxicity of rutin and bixin of Bixa orellana.
Lima, Leonardo R. P.; Oliveira, Tania T.; Nagem, Tanus J.; et al. - Acta Farmaceutica Bonaerense  Volume: 22   Issue: 1   Pages: 21-26   Published: Enero-Marzo 2003
159.    Antimicrobial activity from Bixa orellana L. (urucum).
Coelho, A. M. S. P.; Silva, G. A. da; Vieira, O. M. C.; et al. - LECTA  Volume: 21   Issue: 1/2   Pages: 47-54   Published: 2003
160.    Study on the effects of Annatto (Bixa orellana) and Yucca schidegera on cholesterol content and yolk colour
McGonigle, KEM; McCracken, KJ - BRITISH POULTRY SCIENCE  Volume: 43   Issue: 5   Pages: S41-S42   Published: DEC 2002
161.    Antimicrobial activity of crude extracts from plant parts and corresponding calli of Bixa orellana L.
Castello, Marie-Claire; Phatak, Anita; Chandra, Naresh; et al. - Indian Journal of Experimental Biology  Volume: 40   Issue: 12   Pages: 1378-1381   Published: December 2002
162.    Mineral nutrition, growth and yields of annatto trees (Bixa orellana) in agroforestry on an Amazonian ferralsol
Elias, MEA; Schroth, G; Macedo, JLV; et al. - EXPERIMENTAL AGRICULTURE  Volume: 38   Issue: 3   Pages: 277-289   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0014479702003034   Published: JUL 2002
163.    Probing carotenoid biosynthesis in developing seed coats of Bixa orellana (Bixaceae) through expressed sequence tag analysis
Jako, C; Coutu, C; Roewer, I; et al. - PLANT SCIENCE  Volume: 163   Issue: 1   Pages: 141-145   Article Number: PII S0168-9452(02)00083-3   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0168-9452(02)00083
164.    Comparison of volatile compounds in water- and oil-soluble annatto (Bixa orellana L.) extracts
Galindo-Cuspinera, V; Lubran, MB; Rankin, SA - JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY  Volume: 50   Issue: 7   Pages: 2010-2015   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf011325h   Published: MAR
165.    Callus induction and plantlet regeneration in Bixa orellana L., an annatto-yielding tree
Khan, P. S. Sha Valli; Prakash, E.; Rao, K. R. - In Vitro Cellular and Developmental Biology Plant  Volume: 38   Issue: 2   Pages: 186-190   Published: March-April, 2002
166.    Callus induction and plantlet regeneration in Bixa orellana L., an annatto-yielding tree
Khan, PSSV; Prakash, E; Rao, KR - IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY-PLANT  Volume: 38   Issue: 2   Pages: 186-190   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/IVP2001284   Published:
167.    Production of the Bixa orellana L. (Achiote) pigment from cell suspension culture
Chacon, S. Cuartas; Dallos, M. Perea; Castano, D. Montoya - In Vitro Cellular and Developmental Biology Animal  Volume: 38   Issue: Abstract   Pages: 66.A   Published: Spring, 2002
168.    Tocotrienols and geranylgeraniol from Bixa orellana byproducts
Patent Number: US 6350453
Patent Assignee: American River Nutrition, Inc., Hadley, MA, USA - Official Gazette of the United States Patent and Trademark Office Patents  Volume: 1255   Issue: 4   Published: Feb. 26, 2002
169.    Callus induction and plantlet regeneration in Bixa orellana L., an annatto-yielding tree.
Khan, P. S. S. V.; Prakash, E.; Rao, K. R. - In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Plant  Volume: 38   Issue: 2   Pages: 186-190   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/IVP2001284   Published: 2002
170.    Annatto ( Bixa orellana L.) seed germination.
Custodio, C. C.; Machado-Neto, N. B.; Caseiro, R. F.; et al. - Revista Brasileira de Sementes  Volume: 24   Issue: 1   Pages: 197-202   Published: 2002
171.    Differential expression of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGR) during flower and fruit development of Bixa orellana
Narvaez, JA; Canche, BBC; Perez, PF; et al. - JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY  Volume: 158   Issue: 11   Pages: 1471-1477   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1078/0176-1617-00614   Published: NOV 2001
172.    The anticlastogenicity of Bixa orellana seed extract evaluated in mouse bone marrow cells
de Lima, Rodrigo O. Alves; Azevedo, Luciana; Ribeiro, Lucia R.; et al. - Mutation Research  Volume: 483   Issue: Suppl. 1   Pages: S118   Published: 20 October, 2001
173.    Development of molecular techniques for studying the metabolism of carotenoids in Bixa orellana L.
Narvaez, JA; Flores-Perez, P; Herrera-Valencia, V; et al. - HORTSCIENCE  Volume: 36   Issue: 5   Pages: 982-986   Published: AUG 2001
174.    In vitro clonal propagation of annatto (Bixa orellana L.)
D'Souza, MC; Sharon, M - IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY-PLANT  Volume: 37   Issue: 2   Pages: 168-172   Published: MAR-APR 2001
175.    [Morphological characterization of annatto fruits (Bixa orellana L.) and its correspondence with protein and isozyme patterns]
Medina, Ada Maureen; Michelangeli, Claret; Ramis, Catalina; et al. - Acta Cientifica Venezolana  Volume: 52   Issue: 1   Pages: 14-23   Published: 2001
176.    [Identification and genetic variability of annatto genotypes (Bixa orellana L.) by means of hydrosoluble proteins and isozymes]
Medina, Ada Maureen; Michelangeli, Claret; Ramis, Catalina; et al. - Acta Cientifica Venezolana  Volume: 52   Issue: 1   Pages: 24-33   Published: 2001
177.    In vitro propagation of Bixa orellana L. (annatto), an economically important plant newly introduced to Egypt
Nassar, Abla H.; Khalifa, S. F.; Hammouda, Fayza M.; et al. - Egyptian Journal of Botany  Volume: 41   Issue: 2   Pages: 241-253   Published: 2001
178.    In vitro clonal propagation of annatto ( Bixa orellana L.).
D'Souza, M. C.; Madhuri Sharon - In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Plant  Volume: 37   Issue: 2   Pages: 168-172   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11627-001-0029-7   Published:
179.    Formation of reserve substances during the development of annatto, Bixa orellana L. - Bixaceae, seeds.
Amaral, L. I. V. do; Pereira, M. de F. D. A.; Cortelazzo, A. L. - Acta Botanica Brasilica  Volume: 15   Issue: 1   Pages: 125-132   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0102-33062001000100012   Published: 2001
180.    A study on vegetable dye from the seeds of sinduri ( Bixa orellana).
Das, S. C.; Akhter, S.; Rahman, M. S.; et al. - Bangladesh Journal of Forest Science  Volume: 30   Issue: 1   Pages: 47-51   Published: 2001
181.    Optimization of annatto (Bixa orellana L.) drying in fixed bed
Faria, LJG; Rocha, SCS - BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING  Volume: 17   Issue: 4-7   Pages: 483-495   Published: DEC 2000
182.    [Germination in developing seeds of Bixa orellana]
Velho Do Amaral, Lourdes Isabel; Pereira, Maria De Fatima D. A.; Cortelazzo, E. Angelo Luiz - Revista Brasileira de Fisiologia Vegetal  Volume: 12   Issue: 3   Pages: 273-285   Published: Dezembro, 2000
183.    In vitro clonal propagation of annatto (Bixa orellana L.)
Sharon, M; D'Souza, MC - CURRENT SCIENCE  Volume: 78   Issue: 12   Pages: 1532-1535   Published: JUN 25 2000
184.    Analysis of annatto (Bixa orellana) food coloring formulations. 2. Determination of aromatic hydrocarbon thermal degradation products by gas
Scotter, MJ; Wilson, LA; Appleton, GP; et al. - JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY  Volume: 48   Issue: 2   Pages: 484-488   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf9901845   Published: FEB 2000
185.    Variability within the Venezuelan annato ( Bixa orellana L.) genebank.
Mazzani, E.; Marin R., C.; Segovia, V. - Revista de la Facultad de Agronomia, Universidad del Zulia  Volume: 17   Issue: 6   Pages: 492-504   Published: 2000
186.    Study of the nutritional value of urucum residue ( Bixa orellana, L.) after pigment extraction.
Tonani, F. L.; Ruggieri, A. C.; Guim, A.; et al. - Ars Veterinaria  Volume: 16   Issue: 2   Pages: 118-121   Published: 2000
187.    Germination in developing seeds of Bixa orellana.
Amaral, L. I. V. do; Pereira, M. de F. D. A.; Cortelazzo, A. L. - Revista Brasileira de Fisiologia Vegetal  Volume: 12   Issue: 3   Pages: 273-285   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0103-31312000000300010   Published: 2000
188.    Chemistry, pharmacology and uses of Bixa orellana: A review
Srivastava, Anil; Shukla, Y. N.; Jain, S. P.; et al. - Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plant Sciences  Volume: 21   Issue: 4   Pages: 1145-1154   Published: Dec., 1999
189.    Three minor carotenoids from annatto (Bixa orellana) seeds
Mercadante, AZ; Steck, A; Pfander, H - PHYTOCHEMISTRY  Volume: 52   Issue: 1   Pages: 135-139   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(98)00761-4   Published: SEP 1999
190.    Nutrients uptake by Annatto ( Bixa orellana L.) cultivar Piave Vermelha during nursery stage.
Bastos, A. R. R.; Carvalho, J. G. de; Assis, R. P. de; et al. - Cerne  Volume: 5   Issue: 2   Pages: 76-85   Published: 1999
191.    Synthesis of bixin and three minor carotenoids from annatto (Bixa orellana)
Haberli, A; Pfander, H - HELVETICA CHIMICA ACTA  Volume: 82   Issue: 5   Pages: 696-706   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1522-2675(19990505)82:5<696::aid- br="">192.    Multiple shoot induction and regeneration of japhara ( Bixa orellana L.) through axillary bud derived callus cultures.
Ramamurthy, N.; Savithramma, N.; Usha, R.; et al. - Journal of Plant Biology  Volume: 26   Issue: 3   Pages: 231-235   Published: 1999
193.    Analysis of annatto (Bixa orellana) food coloring formulations. 1. Determination of coloring components and colored thermal degradation
Scotter, MJ; Wilson, LA; Appleton, GP; et al. - JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY  Volume: 46   Issue: 3   Pages: 1031-1038   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf970063+   Published: MAR
194.    Considerations on planting, extraction and usage of urucum ( Bixa orellana L) as a dye.
Nakano, L. de C. G. - Arquivos de Ciencias da Saude da UNIPAR  Volume: 2   Issue: 1   Pages: 33-39   Published: 1998
195.    Bixa orellana Linn. (Annatto dye). A potential source of edible dye.
Shiva, M. P. - Bixa orellana Linn. (Annatto dye). A potential source of edible dye   Pages: iv + 14 pp.   Published: 1998
196.    Evaluation of different chromatographic techniques for resolution of pigments in extract from annatto ( Bixa orellana L.) seeds.
Aparnathi, K. D.; Bindal, M. P. - Journal of Dairying, Foods and Home Sciences  Volume: 17   Issue: 3/4   Pages: 211-215   Published: 1998
197.    Isolation and structure elucidation of minor carotenoids from annatto (Bixa orellana L.) seeds
Mercadante, AZ; Steck, A; Pfander, H - PHYTOCHEMISTRY  Volume: 46   Issue: 8   Pages: 1379-1383   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00462-7   Published: DEC 1997
198.    Drugs used in Africa as dyes .1. Skin absorption and tolerability of Bixa orellana L
Germano, MP; dePasquale, R; Rapisarda, A; et al. - PHYTOMEDICINE  Volume: 4   Issue: 2   Pages: 129-131   Published: JUN 1997
199.    Isolation and identification of new apocarotenoids from annatto (Bixa orellana) seeds
Mercadante, AZ; Steck, A; Pfander, H - JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY  Volume: 45   Issue: 4   Pages: 1050-1054   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf960412k   Published: APR
200.    A short note on the effect of auxins (IAA, IBA) on rooting of Bixa orellana L. stem cuttings.
Thirunavoukkarasu, M.; Saxena, H. O. - Orissa Journal of Horticulture  Volume: 25   Issue: 1   Pages: 84-86   Published: 1997
201.    Mechanical extraction of annatto powder from Bixa orellana seeds.
Oliveira, L. S.; Franca, A. S.; Passos, M. L. - Paper - American Society of Agricultural Engineers  Issue: 976010   Pages: 11 pp.   Published: 1997
202.    Bixa orellana L. seed germination and conservation
Eira, MTS; Mello, CMC - SEED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY  Volume: 25   Issue: 3   Pages: 373-380   Published: 1997
203.    Studies on the root systems of Bixa orellana.
Macdonald, I. - African Crop Science Journal  Volume: 5   Issue: 4   Pages: 413-418   Published: 1997
204.    Antimicrobial activity of Annatto (Bixa orellana) extract
Irobi, ON; MooYoung, M; Anderson, WA - INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACOGNOSY  Volume: 34   Issue: 2   Pages: 87-90   Published: MAY 1996
205.    Isolation of methyl 9'Z-apo-6'-lycopenoate from Bixa orellana
Mercadante, AZ; Steck, A; RodriguezAmaya, D; et al. - PHYTOCHEMISTRY  Volume: 41   Issue: 4   Pages: 1201-1203   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(95)00784-9   Published: MAR 1996
206.    Genotoxicity of pigments from seeds of Bixa orellana L. (Atsuete) I. determined by Allium test.
Aranez, A. T.; Rubio, R. O. - Philippine Journal of Science  Volume: 125   Issue: 4   Pages: 259-269   Published: 1996
207.    Colorings in the production of buffalo butter: 1. Use of Bixa orellana
Ortega Fleitas, O.; Camejo Corrales, J.; Otero, M.; et al. - Alimentaria  Volume: 34   Issue: 273   Pages: 47-49   Published: 1996
208.    Micropropagation of Bixa orellana.
Debata, B. K. - Beitrage zur Zuchtungsforschung - Bundesanstalt fur Zuchtungsforschung an Kulturpflanzen  Volume: 2   Issue: 1   Pages: 334-337  
209.    Damage by Stator championi (Sharp) (Coleoptera; Bruchidae) in seeds of Bixa orellana.
Santos, G. P.; Zanuncio, T. V.; Zanuncio, J. C.; et al. - Bosque  Volume: 17   Issue: 2   Pages: 3-6   Published: 1996, publ. 1998
210.    Occurrence and control of the crown gall (Agrobacterium tumefaciens) on annatto plants (Bixa orellana)
Ponte, J. Julio Da; Holanda, Yelena Claudia Aguiar - Fitopatologia Venezolana  Volume: 8   Issue: 1   Pages: 15-17   Published: 1995
211.    Agronomic evaluation of annatto ( Bixa orellana L.).
Kanjilal, P. B.; Singh, R. S. - Journal of Herbs, Spices & Medicinal Plants  Volume: 3   Issue: 3   Pages: 13-17   Published: 1995
212.    Dormancy break in seeds of Bixa orellana
Amaral, Lourdes I. V.; Pereira, Maria De Fatima A.; Cortelazzo, Angelo L. - Revista Brasileira de Fisiologia Vegetal  Volume: 7   Issue: 2   Pages: 151-157   Published: 1995
213.    Characterization of seedlings of Bixa orellana L. - annatto (Bixaceae).
Pereira, T. S. - Revista Brasileira de Sementes  Volume: 17   Issue: 2   Pages: 243-248   Published: 1995
214.    Elucidation of the structure of a new apocarotenoid from Bixa orellana
Mercadante, A. Z.; Steck, A.; Pfander, H.; et al. - Biological Chemistry Hoppe-Seyler  Volume: 376   Issue: SPEC. SUPPL.   Pages: S56   Published: 1995
215.    Occurrence and control of crown gall ( Agrobacterium tumefaciens) on annatto plants ( Bixa orellana).
Ponte, J. J. da; Holanda, Y. C. A. - Fitopatologia Venezolana  Volume: 8   Issue: 1   Pages: 15-17   Published: 1995
216.    The vascular system of stem-node-leaf in Bixa orellana L
Balasubramanian, A.; Sekar, T.; Devadoss, Crispin - Phytomorphology  Volume: 45   Issue: 3-4   Pages: 219-227   Published: 1995
217.    Seed germination in Bixa orellana L.
Idu, M. - Journal of Tropical Agriculture  Volume: 32   Issue: 1   Pages: 17-21   Published: 1994
218.    Mineral nutrition of annatto (Bixa orellana L.): I. Growth curve of two annato cultivars under greenhouse conditions
Soria, Luis Geraldo; Carvalho, Janice Guedes De; Bovi, Odair Alves; et al. - Ciencia e Pratica  Volume: 18   Issue: 1   Pages: 56-60   Published: 1994
219.    Response of annatto ( Bixa orellana) to several fertilizer treatments under the conditions of San Juan de Lagunillas, Merida.
Ramos de Solorzano, G. - Revista de la Facultad de Agronomia, Universidad del Zulia  Volume: 11   Issue: 4   Pages: 329-336   Published: 1994
220.    INFLUENCE OF HEATING TIME ON THE THERMAL-DEGRADATION OF BIXIN IN ALKALINE EXTRACTS OF ANNATTO (BIXA-ORELLANA L)
PRENTICEHERNANDEZ, C; RUSIG, O; CARVALHO, PRN - ARQUIVOS DE BIOLOGIA E TECNOLOGIA  Volume: 36   Issue: 4   Pages: 819-828   Published: 1993
221.    The annatto tree (Bixa orellana L.) of the upper Xingu River
Emmerich, Margarete; Emmerich, Charlotte - Bradea  Volume: 6   Issue: 26   Pages: 232-233   Published: 1993
222.    Biological effects of bixin and Bixia orellana extracts on lymphoid cells in culture
Weniger, B.; Jiang, Y.; Oulad-Ali, A.; et al. - Planta Medica  Volume: 59   Issue: 7 SUPPL.   Pages: A680   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2006-959961   Published: 1993
223.    Parasitoids of eggs and pupae of Milghitea melanoleuca Hampston (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), miner of capsules of Bixa orellana L.
Coto, T. D.; Saunders, J. L. - Manejo Integrado de Plagas  Issue: 26   Pages: 21-22   Published: 1993
224.    Temporal distribution of Milghitea melanoleuca Hampson (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), a miner of capsules of Bixa orellana L., during the
Coto, T. D.; Saunders, J. L. - Manejo Integrado de Plagas  Issue: 26   Pages: 23-27   Published: 1993
225.    ANNATTO (BIXA-ORELLANA L) EXTRACT OBTAINED USING ETHYL-ALCOHOL AS SOLVENT
PRENTICEHERNANDEZ, C; RUSIG, O - ARQUIVOS DE BIOLOGIA E TECNOLOGIA  Volume: 35   Issue: 1   Pages: 63-74   Published: MAR 1992
226.    Cultivation of urucu ( Bixa orellana) in northern Brazil.
Falesi, I. C.; Kato, O. R. - Documentos - Centro de Pesquisa Agropecuaria do Tropico Umido  Issue: 65   Pages: 47 pp.0   Published: 1992
227.    The effect of mycorrhizal fungus inoculation on urucu ( Bixa orellana L.) growth.
Chu, E. Y.; Kato, O. R. - Boletim de Pesquisa - Centro de Pesquisa Agropecuaria do Tropico Umido  Issue: 128   Pages: 15 ref.   Published: 1992
228.    Phenological characteristics of annatto ( Bixa orellana L. var. 'Fruto Vermelho Piloso') in Vicosa-Minas Gerais.
Pinheiro, A. L.; Rodrigues, J. P. F.; Marangon, L. C. - Daphne, Revista do Herbario PAMG da EPAMIG  Volume: 2   Issue: 3   Pages: 7-10   Published: 1992
229.    Influence of temperature and substrates on germination of annatto ( Bixa orellana L.) seeds.
Gomes, S. M. de S.; Bruno, R. de L. A. - Revista Brasileira de Sementes  Volume: 14   Issue: 1   Pages: 47-50   Published: 1992
230.    STUDIES ON ALDOSE REDUCTASE INHIBITORS FROM NATURAL-PRODUCTS .4. CONSTITUENTS AND ALDOSE REDUCTASE INHIBITORY EFFECT
TERASHIMA, S; SHIMIZU, M; HORIE, S; et al. - CHEMICAL & PHARMACEUTICAL BULLETIN  Volume: 39   Issue: 12   Pages: 3346-3347   Published: DEC 1991
231.    SUPERCRITICAL CO-2 EXTRACTION OF ANNATTO (BIXA-ORELLANA) PIGMENTS AND SOME CHARACTERISTICS OF THE COLOR EXTRACTS
CHAO, RR; MULVANEY, SJ; SANSON, DR; et al. - JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE  Volume: 56   Issue: 1   Pages: 80-83   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1991.tb07980.x   Published: JAN-FEB 1991
232.    EXTRACTION OF ANNATO SEED PIGMENT BY SUPERCRITICAL CARBON-DIOXIDE
DEGNAN, AJ; VONELBE, JH; HARTEL, RW - JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE  Volume: 56   Issue: 6   Pages: 1655-1659   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1991.tb08664.x   Published: NOV-DEC
233.    Propagation of annatto ( Bixa orellana L.) by means of five grafting methods.
Bruckner, C. H.; Khouri, S. S.; Melgaco, A. V. - Revista Ceres  Volume: 38   Issue: 218   Pages: 340-344   Published: 1991
234.    EXTRACTION OF AN HYPERGLYCEMIC PRINCIPLE FROM THE ANNATTO (BIXA-ORELLANA), A MEDICINAL PLANT IN THE WEST-INDIES
MORRISON, EYS; THOMPSON, H; PASCOE, K; et al. - TROPICAL AND GEOGRAPHICAL MEDICINE  Volume: 43   Issue: 1-2   Pages: 184-188   Published: JAN-APR 1991
235.    Extraction of an hyperglycaemic principle from the annatto ( Bixa orellana), a medicinal plant in the West Indies.
Morrison, E. Y. St A.; Thompson, H.; Pascoe, K.; et al. - Tropical and Geographical Medicine  Volume: 43   Issue: 1/2   Pages: 184-188   Published: 1991
236.    Evaluation of germplasm of annatto Bixa orellana L.: basic studies on phenotypic associations and floral biology.
Vallejo C, F. A. - Acta Agronomica, Universidad Nacional de Colombia  Volume: 41   Issue: 1/4   Pages: 7-20   Published: 1991
237.    Annatto [ Bixa orellana] cultivation in Venezuela.
Ramos de Solorzano, G. - FONAIAP Divulga  Volume: 9   Issue: 36   Pages: 15-17   Published: 1991
238.    ANNATTO (BIXA-ORELLANA L)-ITS CULTIVATION, PREPARATION AND USAGE
APARNATHI, KD; LATA, R; SHARMA, RS - INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TROPICAL AGRICULTURE  Volume: 8   Issue: 1   Pages: 80-88   Published: MAR 1990
239.    Rooting of Bixa orellana L. cuttings.
Muller, C. H.; Oliveira, R. P. de; Castro, N. H. C. de; et al. - Circular Tecnica - Centro de Pesquisa Agropecuaria do Tropico Umido  Issue: 55   Pages: 15 pp.   Published: 1990
240.    GC/MS ANALYSIS OF ESSENTIAL OIL FROM BIXA-ORELLANA LINN SEED
RATH, SP; SRINIVASULU, C; MAHAPATRA, SN; et al. - JOURNAL OF THE INDIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY  Volume: 67   Issue: 1   Pages: 86-86   Published: JAN 1990
241.    ISOLATION AXENIC CULTIVATION AND ULTRASTRUCTURAL CHARACTERIZATION OF PHYTOMONAS-SP IN URUCU BIXA-ORELLANA
ALMEDIA M L; CAVAZZANA M JR; SANTOS M A; et al. - Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz  Volume: 85   Issue: SUPPL. 1   Pages: 135   Published: 1990
242.    Germination of annatto seeds ( Bixa orellana L.). I. Cultivar Fruto Verde Piloso.
Pinheiro, A. L.; Almeida, E. C. de; Reis, F. P. - Revista Ceres  Volume: 37   Issue: 213   Pages: 363-370   Published: 1990
243.    FLORAL DEVELOPMENT OF COCHLOSPERMUM-TINCTORIUM AND BIXA-ORELLANA WITH SPECIAL EMPHASIS ON THE ANDROECIUM
DECRAENE, LPR - AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY  Volume: 76   Issue: 9   Pages: 1344-1359   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2444559   Published: SEP 1989
244.    FLORAL DEVELOPMENT OF COCHLOSPERMUM-TINCTORIUM AND BIXA-ORELLANA WITH SPECIAL EMPHASIS ON THE ANDROECIUM
RONSE DECRAENE L P - American Journal of Botany  Volume: 76   Issue: 9   Pages: 1344-1359   Published: 1989
245.    Nutritional characteristics of the fruit of the annatto tree ( Bixa orellana L.) and bixin content.
Ferreira, W. de A.; Falesi, I. C. - Caracteristicas nutricionais do fruto e teor de bixina em lurucu ( Bixa orellana L.).; Boletim de Pesquisa - Centro de Pesquisa Agropecuaria
246.    Isolation of maslinic acid from the leaves of Bixa orellana.
Simpol, L.; Dayrit, F.; Abe, F.; et al. - Philippine Journal of Science  Volume: 118   Issue: 2   Pages: 147-166   Published: 1989
247.    TERPENOIDS AND AN APOCAROTENOID FROM SEEDS OF BIXA-ORELLANA
JONDIKO, IJO; PATTENDEN, G - PHYTOCHEMISTRY  Volume: 28   Issue: 11   Pages: 3159-3162   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(89)80298-5   Published: 1989
248.    The extraction and application of annatto extract (carotenoid) a local natural organic pigment [from Bixa orellana].
Manalo, J. B.; Anzaldo, F. E.; Coronel, V. Q.; et al. - Philippine Journal of Science  Volume: 118   Issue: 2   Pages: 101-122   Published: 1989
249.    TERPENOIDS AND AN APOCAROTENOID FROM SEEDS OF BIXA-ORELLANA
JONDIKO I J O; PATTENDEN G - Phytochemistry (Oxford)  Volume: 28   Issue: 11   Pages: 3159-3162   Published: 1989
250.    FLORAL MORPHOLOGY OF BIXA-ORELLANA L (BIXACEAE)
RIVERA, DI; FLORES, EM - REVISTA DE BIOLOGIA TROPICAL  Volume: 36   Issue: 2B   Pages: 499-509   Published: NOV 1988
251.    Deficiency of macronutrients and boron in Bixa orellana.
Haag, H. P.; Dechen, A. R.; Rosolen, D. L. - Anais da Escola Superior de Agricultura 'Luiz de Queiroz'  Volume: 45   Issue: 2   Pages: 423-431   Published: 1988
252.    EFFECTS OF LIGHT, AIR, ANTI-OXIDANTS AND PRO-OXIDANTS ON ANNATTO EXTRACTS (BIXA-ORELLANA)
NAJAR, SV; BOBBIO, FO; BOBBIO, PA - FOOD CHEMISTRY  Volume: 29   Issue: 4   Pages: 283-289   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0308-8146(88)90043-X   Published: 1988
253.    THE HYPOTENSIVE ACTION OF THE EXTRACTS FROM SEEDS OF BIXA-ORELLANA L
RODRIGUES L A; FRACASSO J F; YASHUDA Y - Revista de Ciencias Farmaceuticas  Volume: 10   Pages: 41-44   Published: 1988
254.    TOXICITY OF THE HYPERGLYCEMIC-INDUCING EXTRACT OF THE ANNATTO (BIXA-ORELLANA) IN THE DOG
MORRISON, EYS; SMITHRICHARDSON, S; WEST, M; et al. - WEST INDIAN MEDICAL JOURNAL  Volume: 36   Issue: 2   Pages: 99-103   Published: JUN 1987
255.    THE ISOLATION AND STRUCTURE ELUCIDATION OF THE MAJOR SESQUITERPENE HYDROCARBON IN THE LEAVES OF BIXA-ORELLANA LINN
LAPID R G; GUEVARA B Q - Acta Manilana  Volume: 36   Pages: 17-22   Published: 1987
256.    URUCU BIXA-ORELLANA A NEW HOST OF WITCHES' BROOM DISEASE CRINIPELLIS-PERNICIOSA OF THE COCOA
BASTOS C N; ANDEBRHAN T - Fitopatologia Brasileira  Volume: 11   Issue: 4   Pages: 963-965   Published: 1986
257.    THE EFFECT OF BIXA-ORELLANA (ANNATTO) ON BLOOD-SUGAR LEVELS IN THE ANESTHETIZED DOG
MORRISON, EYSA - WEST INDIAN MEDICAL JOURNAL  Volume: 34   Issue: 1   Pages: 38-42   Published: 1985
258.    RED ROOT ROT OF BIXA-ORELLANA IN BAHIA BRAZIL
RAM A - Fitopatologia Brasileira  Volume: 9   Issue: 2   Pages: 317   Published: 1984
259.    CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION AMINO-ACID CONTENT AND NUTRITIVE-VALUE OF THE PROTEIN OF ANNATTO SEED (BIXA-ORELLANA, L)
BRESSANI, R; DEBARNEON, FP; BRAHAM, JE; et al. - ARCHIVOS LATINOAMERICANOS DE NUTRICION  Volume: 33   Issue: 2   Pages: 356-376   Published: 1983
260.    ANALYSIS OF ANNATTO SEED (BIXA-ORELLANA, L) AND OF THE GENERATED WASTE DURING EXTRACTION OF ITS PIGMENTS
WURTS, ML; TORREBLANCA, RA - ARCHIVOS LATINOAMERICANOS DE NUTRICION  Volume: 33   Issue: 3   Pages: 606-619   Published: 1983
261.    STRUCTURE AND GERMINATION OF SEEDS OF BIXA-ORELLANA
RIVERA, DI; FLORES, EM - REVISTA DE BIOLOGIA TROPICAL  Volume: 31   Issue: 2   Pages: 193-200   Published: 1983
262.    ETIOLOGY OF CAPSULE AND SEED ROT OF THE ANNATTO TREE BIXA-ORELLANA IN 2 REGIONS OF COLUMBIA
HOYOS-M G; LLANOS-M C - Acta Agronomica (Palmira)  Volume: 33   Issue: 4   Pages: 61-68   Published: 1983
263.    STUDY OF THE CAROTENOID-PIGMENTS OF BIXA-ORELLANA L SEEDS BY THIN-LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY
TIRIMANNA, ASL - MIKROCHIMICA ACTA  Volume: 2   Issue: 1-2   Pages: 11-16   Published: 1981
264.    Phenotypic relations between yield and its components in achiote (annatto) Bixa orellana.
Vallejo C., F. A.; Cardenas G., L.; Rojas O., R. H. - Acta Agronomica  Volume: 31   Issue: 1-4   Pages: 5-23   Published: 1981
265.    Study of the carotenoid pigments of Bixa orellana L. seeds by thin layer chromatography.
Tirimanna, A. S. L. - Mikrochimica Acta  Volume: II   Issue: 1/2   Pages: 11-16   Published: 1981
266.    GERMINATION AND STORAGE OF BIXA-ORELLANA SEEDS
GOLDBACH, H - SEED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY  Volume: 7   Issue: 3   Pages: 399-402   Published: 1979
267.    DETERMINATION OF SOME SPECTROSCOPIC PROPERTIES OF THE ONOTO PIGMENT (BIXA-ORELLANA)
ALVAREZDE, H; KING, AA - ACTA CIENTIFICA VENEZOLANA  Volume: 29   Supplement: 2   Pages: 144-144   Published: 1978
268.    STUDY OF FLAVONES FLAVONOIDS AND PHENOLIC ACID IN URUCU BIXA-ORELLANA
KIOK B - Acta Amazonica  Volume: 8   Issue: 1   Pages: 109-110   Published: 1978
269.    COMPOSITION AND USE OF ANATTO (BIXA-ORELLANA L) IN LAYING HEN DIETS AS PIGMENTATOR OF EGG-YOLK
ARAYAH, H; MURILLOR, M; VARGASG, E; et al. - AGRONOMIA COSTARRICENSE  Volume: 1   Issue: 2   Pages: 143-150   Published: 1977
270.    PROTECTIVE FUNCTION OF ANTS VISITING EXTRA-FLORAL NECTARIES OF BIXA-ORELLANA (BIXACEAE)
BENTLEY, BL - JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY  Volume: 65   Issue: 1   Pages: 27-38   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2259060   Published: 1977
271.    BIXA-ORELLANA - ETERNAL SHRUB
DONKIN, RA - ANTHROPOS  Volume: 69   Issue: 1-2   Pages: 33-56   Published: 1974
272.    ISHWARANE IN BIXA-ORELLANA LEAF OIL
LAWRENCE, BM; HOGG, JW - PHYTOCHEMISTRY  Volume: 12   Issue: 12   Pages: 2995-2995   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(73)80522-9   Published: 1973
273.    Essential oils from West African plants: ishwarane from Bixa orellana.
Chaco, M. C.; Quartey, J. A. K. - Journal of the West African Science Association  Volume: 18   Issue: 1   Pages: 84-85   Published: 1973
274.    DEVELOPMENT OF EMBRYO SAC AND SEED IN BIXA-ORELLANA AND COCHLOSPERMUM-GOSSYPIUM
DATHAN A S R; SINGH D - Journal of the Indian Botanical Society  Volume: 51   Issue: 3-4   Pages: 254-266   Published: 1972
275.    Preparation of bixin and methyl bixin from Indian seeds of Bixa orellana.
BAHL, C. P.; SESHADRI, T. R.; VEDANTHAM, T. N. C. - Current Science  Volume: 40   Pages: 27-8   Published: 1971
276.    PREPARATION OF BIXIN AND METHYL BIXIN FROM INDIAN SEEDS OF BIXA-ORELLANA
BAHL, CP; SESHADRI, TR; VEDANTHA.TN - CURRENT SCIENCE  Volume: 40   Issue: 2   Pages: 27-&   Published: 1971
277.    The histology of Bixa orellana seed.
PETRI, P. S. - Giornale Botanico Italiano  Volume: 103   Pages: 634   Published: 1969
278.    Essential oils from West African plants: isolation of a sesquiterpene from Bixa orellana.
CHACO, M. C.; BOATENG, T. A.; QUARTEY, J. A. K. - Perfumery and Essential Oil Record  Volume: 60   Pages: 247-8   Published: 1969
279.    ANNATTO TREE (BIXA-ORELLANA L) - A GUIDE TO ITS OCCURRENCE, CULTIVATION, PREPARATION AND USES
INGRAM, JS; FRANCIS, BJ - TROPICAL SCIENCE  Volume: 11   Issue: 2   Pages: 97-&   Published: 1969
280.    DISTRIBUTION AND USE OF ANNATTO-D BIXA-ORELLANA-D
BARTOO H V; BRINK P; BRADFORD D D - XI International Botanical Congress  Pages: 1969   Published: 1969
281.    Bixa orellana, an alternative host of Oidium heveae Stein.
THANKAMMA, L. - Rubber Board Bulletin  Volume: 10   Pages: 38-9   Published: 1968
282.    Annatto, Bixa orellana.
ANON. - Revista cafetera de Guatemala  Issue: 76; 77   Pages: 23-7; 30-5 pp.   Published: 1967
283.    Annatto, the pigment of Bixa orellana
DENDY, D. A. V. - EAST AFR AGR FOREST J  Volume: 32   Issue: (2)   Pages: 126-131   Published: 1966
284.    ASSAY OF ANNATTO PREPARATIONS BY THIN-LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY
DENDY, DAV - JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE  Volume: 17   Issue: 2   Pages: 75-&   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.2740170206   Published:
285.    The annato tree, Bixa orellana L. (Bixaceae)
SANCHEZ, ROLANDO - AGR TROP  Volume: 21   Issue: (4)   Pages: 224-227   Published: 1965
286.    Nature of the vitamin A activity of annatto seed (Bixa orellana L.)
SANTAMARIA, LEONARDO; MARTINEZ, MARIA L.; ASENJO, CONRADO F. - J AGR UNIV PURETO RICO  Volume: 49   Issue: (2)   Pages: 259-268   Published: 1965
287.    Nature of the vitamin A activity of annatto seed ( Bixa orellana L.).
SANTAMARIA, L.; MARTINEZ, M. L.; ASENJO, C. F. - Journal of Agriculture of the University of Puerto Rico  Volume: 49   Pages: 295-68   Published: 1965
288.    OCCURRENCE OF TOMENTOSIC ACID IN EXTRACTS OF BIXA ORELLANA
SCHNEIDE.WP; CARON, EL; HINMAN, JW - JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY  Volume: 30   Issue: 8   Pages: 2856-&   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jo01019a519   Published: 1965
289.    Embryology of Bixa orellana Linn.
CHOPRA, R. N.; KAUR, H. - Phytomorphology  Volume: 15   Pages: 211-14   Published: 1965
290.    ACHIOTIN AN EXTRACT OF ACHIOTE SEEDS (BIXA ORELLANO L) AS A HISTOLOGIC STAIN FOR LIPIDS
CISCAR, F - STAIN TECHNOLOGY  Volume: 40   Issue: 5   Pages: 249-&   Published: 1965
291.    Bixin content of Bixa orellana in Papua and New Guinea.
HART, G. - Papua New Guinea Agricultural Journal  Volume: 17   Pages: 8-11   Published: 1964
292.    The Oidium of Bixa orellana L. (Oidium bixae and its hypeiparasite (Cicinnobolus cesatii)
CAPRETTI, C. - BOL SOC VENEZOLANA CIENC NAT  Volume: 22   Issue: (98/99)   Pages: 8-16   Published: 1961
293.    Mildew of B. orellana in Venezuela: 0. bixae.
CAPRETTI, C. - Rivista di Agricoltura Subtropicale e Tropicale  Volume: 55   Issue: 1-3   Pages: 13-19 pp.   Published: 1961
294.    A PRELIMINARY PHARMACOLOGIC INVESTIGATION OF THE ROOTS OF BIXA-ORELLANA
DUNHAM, NW; ALLARD, KR - JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN PHARMACEUTICAL ASSOCIATION  Volume: 49   Issue: 4   Pages: 218-219   Published: 1960
295.    VITAMIN-A ACTIVITY OF ANNATTO SEED (BIXA-ORELLANA)
SANTAMARIA, L; MARTINEZ, MQ; ASENJO, CF - FEDERATION PROCEEDINGS  Volume: 18   Issue: 1   Pages: 544-544   Published: 1959
296.    Qualitative investigation of vitamin A and provitamin A in Bixa orellana
MARTHA, AMPIEE H. - REV BIOL TROP  Volume: 4   Issue: (2)   Pages: 227-233   Published: 1956
297.    UNTERSUCHUNGEN UBER DIE FARBSTOFFE AUS BIXA-ORELLANA L
DIEMAIR, W; JANECKE, H; HEUSSER, D - NATURWISSENSCHAFTEN  Volume: 39   Issue: 9   Pages: 211-211   Published: 1952
298.    Le rocouyer (Bixa orellana Linne)
CHEW, C. W. - ETUDES CAMEROUNAISES  Volume: 2   Issue: (27/28)   Pages: 177-178   Published: 1949
299.    Biological assay of annatto (Bixa orellana) for vitamin A activity
De JESUS, P. I.; LIM, R. - ACTA MED PHILIPPINA  Volume: 5   Issue: (2)   Pages: 29-36   Published: 1948
300.    Carotene in the seeds of urucum
Villela, G. G. - REV BRASIL BIOL  Volume: 2   Issue: (2)   Pages: 159-164   Published: 1942
301.    On the use of Bixa orellana in histological technique
VEIGA de CARVALHO, HILARIO - FOLIA ANAT UNIV CONIMBRIGENSIS  Volume: 12   Issue: (13)   Pages: 1-10   Published: 1937
302.    Bixa orellana and carotene.
RIBIERO, D. DA F. - Revista de Biologia e Hygiene  Volume: 6   Pages: 98-101   Published: 1935
303.    Permeability of Bixa orellana, cholesterol and ergosterol to ultraviolet rays.
RIBIERO, D. DA F. - Revista de Biologia e Hygiene  Volume: 6   Pages: 102-104   Published: 1935
304.    Nutritional studies of foodstuffs used in the Puerto Rican dietary. IV.[long dash]Extract of the annatto seed, Bixa orellana: its preparation and
COOK, D. H.; AXTMAYER, J. H. - AMER JOUR TROP MED  Volume: 14   Issue: (1)   Pages: 61-75   Published: 1934
305.    An American Bruchus introduced in Seeds of Bixa orellana.
CHAMPION, G. C. - Entomologist's Monthly Magazine  Volume: 59   Pages: 257-258 pp.   Published: 1923, November

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tiglium Cryptolepis buchananii Cryptolepis dubia Cryptostegia grandiflora Cucumis sativus Cuminum cyminum Cupressus torulosa Curculigo orchioides Curcuma amada Curcuma longa Cuscuta reflexa Cyananthus lobatus Cyanthillium cinereum Cycas revoluta Cyclanthera pedata Cymbopogon nardus Cynodon dactylon Cyperus laevigatus Cyperus malaccensis Cyperus rotundus Dactyloctenium aegyptium Dactylorhiza hatagirea Dalbergia latifolia Datisca cannabina Datura metel Datura stramonium Daucus carota Delphinium ajacis Delphinium denudatum Delphinium elatum Dendrobium densiflorum Dendrobium ovatum Derris scandens Derris trifoliata Desmodium concinnum Desmodium gangeticum Desmodium heterocarpon Desmodium multiflorum Desmodium triflorum Dichrocephala integrifolia Dicliptera paniculata Didymocarpus pedicellatus Dillenia indica Dimorphocalyx glabellus Dimorphoteca ecklonis Dioscorea alata Dioscorea pentaphylla Dioscorea polygonoides Diospyros kaki Diospyros malabarica Dipteracanthus patulus Dipteracanthus prostratus Dolichandrone spathacea Dolichos biflorus Dregea volubilis Drimia indica Drosera peltata Duranta erecta Dysoxylum binectariferum Dysoxylum gotadhora Dysphania ambrosioides Echinocereus pentalophus Echinops niveus Echium plantagineum Edgeworthia gardneri Eichhornia crassipes Elaeagnus umbellata Elaeocarpus ganitrus Elephantopus scaber Eleutheranthera ruderalis Elsholtzia fruticosa Elytraria acaulis Embelia ribes Emblica officinalis Enterolobium cyclocarpum Ephedra foliata Ephedra gerardiana Epipactis helleborine Eranthemum pulchellum Eryngium foetidum Erysimum hieraciifolium Erythrina suberosa Erythrina variegata Euonymus echinatus Euonymus japonicus Eupatorium capillifolium Eupatorium perfoliatum Euphorbia antiquorum Euphorbia cornigera Euphorbia cotinifolia Euphorbia granulata Euphorbia heterophylla Euphorbia hirta Euphorbia hypericifolia Euphorbia milii Euphorbia nivulia Euphorbia peplus Euphorbia tirucalli Fagonia cretica Fagopyrum acutatum Ferula foetida Ficus elastica Ficus religiosa Filicium decipiens Filipendula vestita Flacourtia indica Flemingia procumbens Flemingia semialata Foeniculum vulgare Free Access Journal Fumaria indica Fumaria parviflora Furcraea foetida Galega officinalis General Gentiana kurroo Geranium lucidum Geranium nepalense Geranium pratense Geranium wallichianum Ghee Globba schomburgkii Glochidion hohenackeri Gloriosa superba Glycyrrhiza glabra Gmelina arborea Gomphrena globosa Gomphrena serrata Goodyera repens Grewia asiatica Grewia optiva Grewia serrulata Grewia tenax Gymnema sylvestre Habenaria edgeworthii Habenaria plantaginea Handroanthus impetiginosus Hedychium spicatum Helianthus annuus Helicteres isora Helinus lanceolatus Heliotropium indicum Hemidesmus indicus Hemigraphis alternata Hemigraphis colorata Hemigraphis hirta Heracleum sphondylium Herpetospermum pedunculosum Hibiscus cannabinus Hibiscus esculentus Hibiscus hirtus Hibiscus lobatus Hibiscus radiatus Hibiscus vitifolius Hippophae rhamnoides Holarrhena antidysenterica Holarrhena pubescens Holoptelea integrifolia Hosta plantaginea Hoya carnosa Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides Hydrolea zeylanica Hygrophila auriculata Hygrophila polysperma Hygrophila schulli Hylocereus undatus Hymenocallis speciosa Hymenodictyon orixense Hyoscyamus niger Hypericum dyeri Hypericum elodeoides Hypericum oblongifolium Hyptis suaveolens Ilex dipyrena Impatiens balsamina Impatiens bracteata Impatiens racemosa Indigofera aspalathoides Indigofera astragalina Indigofera glabra Ipomoea alba Ipomoea aquatica Ipomoea marginata Isodon rugosus Ixeris polycephala Jacaranda mimosifolia Jacquemontia pentantha Jasminum auriculatum Jasminum multiflorum Jatropha curcas Jatropha gossypifolia Juncus thomsonii Justicia adhatoda Justicia brandegeeana Justicia carnea Justicia gendarussa Justicia pubigera Kalanchoe blossfeldiana Kallstroemia pubescens Koelreuteria elegans Koelreuteria paniculata Koenigia delicatula Kopsia fruticosa Kydia calycina Kyllinga brevifolia Lablab purpureus Lactuca dissecta Lantana camara Lathyrus sativus Leea aequata Lens culinaris Leonotis nepetifolia Leonurus cardiaca Lepidium sativum Lepisanthes rubiginosa Leucas aspera Leucas nutans Leucostemma latifolium Leycesteria formosa Ligularia amplexicaulis Ligularia fischeri Lilium polyphyllum Linum usitatissimum Liparis nervosa Liquidambar formosana Litsea monopetala Lupinus angustifolius Lycium ferocissimum Macaranga peltata Maesa argentea Magnolia champaca Mahonia napaulensis Malachra Capitata Mallotus nudiflorus Mallotus philippinensis Malva sylvestris Malvastrum coromandelianum Marchantia polymorpha Martynia annua Medicago lupulina Medicinal Plants of India Melilotus indicus Melochia corchorifolia Memecylon edule Memecylon umbellatum Mercurialis annua Meriandra strobilifera Merremia cissoides Mesua ferrea Micrococca mercuriali Micromeria biflora Mikania micrantha Millettia pinnata Mimosa polyancistra Mimosa pudica Mitragyna parvifolia Modiola caroliniana Momordica charantia Momordica cochinchinensis Morinda citrifolia Morinda pubescens Moringa oleifera Mucuna pruriens Muehlenbeckia platyclada Muehlenbeckia platyclados Muntingia calabura Murdannia nudiflora Murraya koenigii Muscari neglectum Myriactis nepalensis Myristica fragrans Myrtus communis Naravelia zeylanica Nardostachys grandiflora Nardostachys jatamansi Naringi crenulata Nasturtium officinale Nelumbo nucifera Neolamarckia cadamba Nepeta laevigata Nerium indicum Nerium oleander Nicotiana plumbaginifolia Nicotiana rustica Nicotiana tabacum Nigella sativa Nyctanthes arbor-tristis Nymphaea nouchali Nymphaea pubescens Nymphoides indica Ocimum basilicum Ocimum gratissimum Ocimum kilimandscharicum Ocimum sanctum Oldenlandia umbellata Ononis natrix Ononis repens Ononis spinosa Operculina turpethum Origanum majorana Oroxylum indicum Osteospermum ecklonis Others Oxyria digyna Pachygone ovata Pachyrhizus erosus Paederia foetida Pandanus tectorius Papaver somniferum Passiflora caerulea Passiflora vitifolia Pavetta indica Pentapetes phoenicea Pentas lanceolata Peperomia argyreia Peperomia heyneana Peperomia pellucida Peperomia sandersii Peperomia tetraphylla Perilla frutescens Persicaria amplexicaulis Persicaria barbata Persicaria capitata Persicaria glabra Persicaria nepalensis Phalaenopsis taenialis Phaulopsis dorsiflora Philodendron bipinnatifidum Phlomis bracteosa Phlomoides bracteosa Phyllanthus acidus Phyllanthus amarus Phyllanthus fraternus Phyllanthus lawii Phyllanthus rotundifolius Physalis grisea Physalis peruviana Picrorhiza kurroa Pilea microphylla Pimpinella anisum Piper betle Piper longum Piper nigrum Pisonia aculeata Pistia stratiotes Pisum sativum Plantago orbignyana Plantago ovata Platanthera edgeworthii Platostoma elongatum Plectranthus barbatus Plectranthus scutellarioides Plumbago auriculata Plumbago capensis Plumbago zeylanica Plumeria rubra Podranea ricasoliana Polemonium caeruleum Polygala crotalarioides Polygala persicariifolia Polygonatum cirrhifolium Polygonatum verticillatum Polygonum amplexicaule Polygonum barbatum Polygonum recumbens Pongamia pinnata Portulaca oleracea Portulaca umbraticola Portulacaria afra Potentilla fruticosa Potentilla supina Premna corymbosa Premna tomentosa Primula denticulata Primula floribunda Primula vulgaris Prunus Amygdalus Prunus dulcis Pseuderanthemum carruthersii Pseudobombax ellipticum Pseudocaryopteris foetida Psidium guajava Psidium guineense Pterocarpus santalinus Pterospermum acerifolium Pterospermum lanceifolium Pterygota alata Pulicaria dysenterica Punica granatum Putranjiva roxburghii Pyrostegia venusta Quisqualis indica Ranunculus arvensis Ranunculus laetus Ranunculus sceleratus Raphanus sativus Rauvolfia serpentina Rauvolfia tetraphylla Reinwardtia indica Rhamphicarpa fistulosa Rhodiola trifida Rhodiola wallichiana Rhododendron arboreum Rhynchosia heynei Rhynchosia himalensis Rhynchosia viscosa Ricinus communis Rorippa indica Roscoea purpurea Rosmarinus officinalis Ruellia patula Ruellia prostrata Ruellia tuberosa Rumex dentatus Rumex hastatus Rungia pectinata Saccharum officinarum Saccharum spontaneum Salix denticulata Salix tetrasperma Salvadora persica Salvia involucrata Salvia miltiorrhiza Salvia nubicola Salvia splendens Sambucus canadensis Sambucus mexicana Sambucus nigra Santalum album Sapindus saponaria Saussurea auriculata Saussurea candicans Saussurea obvallata Scadoxus multiflorus Scutellaria baicalensis Scutellaria grossa Scutellaria repens Sedum oreades Semecarpus anacardium Senna auriculata Senna occidentalis Senna siamea Senna sophera Sesbania bispinosa Sesbania grandiflora Seseli diffusum Sesuvium portulacastrum Setaria verticillata Shorea robusta Sida cordata Sida cordifolia Sida retusa Sida spinosa Sideritis hirsuta Silybum marianum Smithia ciliata Solanum chrysotrichum Solanum erianthum Solanum jasminoides Solanum melongena Solanum nigrum Solanum sisymbriifolium Solanum surattense Solanum torvum Solanum tuberosum Solanum villosum Sonchus oleraceus Soymida febrifuga Sphaeranthus amaranthoides Sphenoclea zeylanica Spiranthes australis Spiranthes sinensis Spondias pinnata Stellaria media Stellera chamaejasme Stephania japonica Sterculia alata Sterculia foetida Sterculia villosa Stereospermum tetragonum Stevia rebaudiana Striga asiatica Strophanthus boivinii Strychnos minor Strychnos nux-vomica Strychnos potatorum Suaeda maritima Suregada multiflora Swertia angustifolia Swertia bimaculata Swertia cordata Swertia paniculata Swietenia macrophylla Swietenia mahagoni Syzygium alternifolium Syzygium aromaticum Syzygium cumini Syzygium jambos Syzygium samarangense Tabebuia aurea Tabebuia avellanedae Talinum portulacifolium Tamarindus indica Taxus baccata Tecoma castanifolia Tephrosia calophylla Tephrosia purpurea Teramnus labialis Terminalia alata Terminalia catappa Terminalia chebula Terminalia elliptica Terminalia pallida Teucrium botrys Teucrium royleanum Thalictrum foliolosum Thespesia populnea Thunbergia erecta Thunbergia fragrans Thunbergia grandiflora Thymus linearis Tiliacora acuminata Tiliacora racemosa Tinospora cordifolia Tinospora crispa Tinospora sinensis Toona ciliata Trewia nudiflora Tribulus terrestris Trichodesma indicum Trichosanthes cucumerina Trichosanthes palmata Trichosanthes tricuspidata Trifolium repens Trigonella foenum-graecum Triumfetta rhomboidea Tylophora indica Uraria picta Urena lobata Urena sinuata Urginea coromandeliana Vachellia horrida Valeriana jatamansi Vanda tessellata Veronica serpyllifolia Viburnum coriaceum Vicia bakeri Vicia faba Vicia sativa Vigna radiata Vigna unguiculata Vinca rosea Viola rupestris Viscum album Vitex negundo Vitis vinifera Withania somnifera Wrightia tinctoria Wulfeniosis amherstiana Zamia furfuracea Ziziphus jujuba Ziziphus mauritiana
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